Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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The unique relation of childhood emotional maltreatment with mental health problems among detained male and female adolescents
- Authors:
- VAHL Pauline, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 62, 2016, pp.142-150.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Mounting evidence indicates that emotional maltreatment is at least as harmful as physical and sexual abuse. Notwithstanding their high occurrence among detained adolescents, the link between emotional maltreatment and mental health problems in these youths is not well researched. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the unique link between emotional maltreatment and mental health problems, with particular attention to gender differences. Well validated self-report measures of maltreatment experiences (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and mental health problems (Youth Self Report) were completed by 341 detained adolescents (156 boys, 185 girls) aged 12 to 18 years. As expected, girls reported higher levels of maltreatment experiences and internalizing and externalizing mental health problems than boys. Blockwise multiple linear regression analyses indicated that in both genders emotional abuse was uniquely and positively associated with internalizing and externalizing mental health problems, over and above the influence of other types of maltreatment. Furthermore, sexual abuse was uniquely related with internalizing problems in girls only, whereas only in boys this type of abuse was uniquely related with externalizing problems. Detained adolescents who have been the victim of emotional abuse in combination with another type of maltreatment may be the worst subgroup in terms of mental health problems. Therefore, emotional maltreatment experiences in adolescents who offend should receive more research and clinical attention. (Publisher abstract)
Development and preliminary validation of an Observation List for detecting mental disorders and social Problems in the elderly in primary and home care (OLP)
- Authors:
- TAK Erwin C.P.M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(7), 2016, pp.755-764.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: Even though the prevalence of mental disorders and social problems is high among elderly patients, it is difficult to detect these in a primary (home) care setting. Goal was the development and preliminary validation of a short observation list to detect six problem areas: anxiety, depression, cognition, suspicion, loneliness, and somatisation. Methods: A draft list of indicators identified from a short review of the literature and the opinions of 22 experts was evaluated by general practitioners (GPs) and home care organisations for feasibility. It was then used by GPs and home care personnel to observe patients, who also completed validated tests for psychological disorders (General Health Questionnaire 12 item version (GHQ-12)), depression (Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version (GDS-15)), anxiety and suspicion (Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90)), loneliness (University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)), somatisation (Illness Attitude Scale (IAS)), and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)). Results: GPs and home care personnel observed 180 patients (mean age 78.4 years; 66% female) and evaluated the draft list during a regular visit. Cronbach's α was 0.87 for the draft list and ≥0.80 for the draft problem areas (loneliness and suspicion excepted). Principal component analysis identified six components (cognition, depression + loneliness, somatisation, anxiety + suspicion, depression (other signs), and an ambiguous component). Convergent validity was shown for the indicators list as a whole (using the GHQ-12), and the subscales of depression, anxiety, loneliness, cognition, and somatisation. Using pre-set agreed criteria, the list was reduced to 14 final indicators divided over five problem areas. Conclusion: The Observation List for mental disorders and social Problems (OLP) proved to be preliminarily valid, reliable, and feasible for use in primary and home care settings. (Publisher abstract)
Dual diagnoses among detained female systematic offenders
- Authors:
- BLAAUW Eric, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 9(1), 2016, pp.7-13.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the prevalence of psychopathology including substance use disorders in a sample of detained female systematic offenders. Design/methodology/approach: All case files of female systematic offenders who had been subjected to a special court order for systematic offenders in the period 2004-2014 were studied. A total of 81 fairly complete case files were selected for the study. These were all systematic offenders as they had been sentenced for at least 25 offences with an average of 102 offences over a period of 17.5 years. Findings: All except one woman were addicted to substances in the past year, with an average duration of addiction of 21 years. In addition, 53 per cent were diagnosed with another DSM Axis I disorder and 73 per cent were diagnosed with a personality disorder. Furthermore, 32-59 per cent were found to have intellectual dysfunctions. In total, 12 per cent had one type of the above disorders, 43 per cent two types, 31 per cent three types and 14 per cent all four types. The prevalence rates of these disorders were higher than those reported in other prison studies. Research limitations/implications: It is concluded that female systematic offenders can be characterised as problematic in many respects. Even in such a problematic group treatment can be provided. (Edited publisher abstract)
Impact of loneliness and depression on mortality: results from the Longitudinal Ageing Study Amsterdam
- Authors:
- HOLWERDA Tjalling J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 209(2), 2016, pp.127-134.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Loneliness is highly prevalent among older people, has serious health consequences and is an important predictor of mortality. Loneliness and depression may unfavourably interact with each other over time but data on this topic are scarce. Aims: To determine whether loneliness is associated with excess mortality after 19 years of follow-up and whether the joint effect with depression confers further excess mortality. Method: Different aspects of loneliness were measured with the De Jong Gierveld scale and depression with the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale in a cohort of 2878 people aged 55–85 with 19 years of follow-up. Excess mortality hypotheses were tested with Kaplan–Meier and Cox proportional hazard analyses controlling for potential confounders. Results: At follow-up loneliness and depression were associated with excess mortality in older men and women in bivariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, severe depression was associated with excess mortality in men who were lonely but not in women. Conclusions: Loneliness and depression are important predictors of early death in older adults. Severe depression has a strong association with excess mortality in older men who were lonely, indicating a lethal combination in this group. (Publisher abstract)
Quality of diagnosis and treatment plans after using the ‘diagnostic guideline for anxiety and challenging behaviours’ in people with intellectual disabilities: a comparative multiple case study design
- Authors:
- PRUIJSSERS Addy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(4), 2016, pp.305-316.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: People with intellectual disabilities often have a multitude of concurrent problems due to the combination of cognitive impairments, psychiatric disorders (particularly anxiety) and related challenging behaviours. Diagnoses in people with intellectual disabilities are complicated. This study evaluates the quality of the diagnoses and treatment plans after using a guideline that was developed to support professionals in their diagnostic tasks. Materials and Methods: A comparative multiple case study with an experimental and control condition, applying deductive analyses of diagnoses and treatment plans. Results: The analyses revealed that the number of diagnostic statements and planned treatment actions in the experimental group was significantly larger and more differentiated than in the control condition. In the control group, consequential harm and protective factors were hardly mentioned in diagnoses and treatment plans. Conclusions: Working with the ‘Diagnostic Guideline for Anxiety and CB’ leads to improved diagnoses and treatment plans compared with care as usual. (Publisher abstract)
The care needs of older patients with bipolar disorder
- Authors:
- DAUTZENBERG Geraud, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 20(9), 2016, pp.899-907.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: With ageing, bipolar disorder evolves into a more complex illness, with increasing cognitive impairment, somatic comorbidity, and polypharmacy. To tailor treatment of these patients, it is important to study their needs, as having more unmet needs is a strong predictor of a lower quality of life. Method: Seventy-eight Dutch patients with bipolar I or II disorder aged 60 years and older in contact with mental health services were interviewed using the Camberwell Assessment of Need in the Elderly (CANE) to assess met and unmet needs, both from a patient and a staff perspective. Results: Patients (mean age 68 years, range 61–98) reported a mean of 4.3 needs compared to 4.4 reported by staff, of which 0.8 were unmet according to patients and 0.5 according to staff. Patients frequently rated company and daytime activities as unmet needs. More current mood symptoms were associated with a higher total number of needs. Less social participation was associated with a higher total number of needs and more unmet needs. Conclusion: Older bipolar patients report fewer needs and unmet needs compared to older patients with depression, schizophrenia, and dementia. A plausible explanation is that older bipolar patients had higher Global Assessment of Functioning scores, were better socially integrated, and had fewer actual mood symptoms, all of which correlated with the number of needs in this study. The results emphasise the necessity to assess the needs of bipolar patients with special attention to social functioning, as it is suggested that staff fail to recognise or anticipate these needs. (Edited publisher abstract)