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An investigation of different aspects of overgeneralization in patients with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder
- Authors:
- HEUVEL Thom J. van den, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51(4), November 2012, pp.376-395.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Overgeneralisation (defined as unjustified generalisation on the basis of a single incident), is a prominent concept in cognitive theories of personality and depression. This study carried out in the Netherlands investigated whether it is restricted to negative attributions directed at the self or also extends to positive self-attributions and attributions of situations in the outside world. The study participants were 87 psychiatric patients (34 with major depressive disorder, 18 with borderline personality disorder, and 35 with both) and 50 never-depressed non-patients, who all completed various measures of overgeneralisation. The article describes the study background and methodology, and presents the results of data analysis. It reports that patient groups differ from non-patients with respect to negative and positive overgeneralisation, and that there is variation in positive or negative and direction of overgeneralisation among patients with major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. It suggests that these patients lack a buffer against negative overgeneralisation directed at the self, and discusses the implications of the study findings.
Serious juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- KAAL H. L., BRAND E. F. J. M., VAN NIEUWENHUIJZEN M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 3(2), 2012, pp.66-76.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The mandatory treatment order, also called an order for Placement in an Institution for Juvenile Offenders, is the severest measure a Dutch judge is able to impose on youths. Amongst the group of juveniles under a mandatory treatment order, there is a significant number with an intellectual disability. The purpose of this study is to determine what differences there are in personal characteristics and functioning between juvenile offenders under a mandatory treatment order with IQ<70, IQ 70-85, and IQ>85, in order to be able to better fit supervision and treatment to their needs. Data was drawn from the case files of 1,363 serious juvenile offenders under a mandatory treatment order. The files were scored using the juvenile forensic profile list (FPJ), an instrument that encompasses over 70 characteristics relevant in risk-assessment and for measuring problem behaviour. The analyses showed that the behavioural and mental health problems and background characteristics of juvenile offenders of various IQ-levels (IQ<70, IQ 70-85, and IQ>85) are in many respects very similar. However, differences were found in, for example, social skills and relationships. In addition, the needs inherent with having an intellectual disability have important implications for the way treatment is offered.
Victims’ influence on intimate partner violence revictimization: an empirical test of dynamic victim-related risk factors
- Authors:
- KUIJPERS Karlijn F., VAN DER KNAAP Leontien M., WINKE Frans Willem
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(9), June 2012, pp.1716-1742.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Previous research has reported that not only characteristics of the perpetrator but also characteristics of the victim influence risk for intimate partner violence (IPV). This would suggest that prevention of repeat abuse could benefit from a focus on both perpetrator and victim characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine to what extent prior IPV and, in particular, dynamic victim-related factors influence the risk for future IPV. Specifically, the study examined how 3 key factors (partner violence, victims’ psychological difficulties, and victims’ resilience) relate to risk for IPV revictimisation. The participants were 156 female, help-seeking IPV victims recruited from various victim support services in the Netherlands in 4 large and 4 medium-sized cities. The participants completed questionnaires at 3 timepoints: at baseline, 2 months, and 6 months. The findings show that victim-related variables significantly contributed to the prediction of any physical IPV revictimisation and the severity of psychological IPV revictimisation and, moreover, that they did so in addition to the influence of any prior violence committed by a partner against the victim (i.e., any prior IPV victimisation). Knowledge on these factors might help victims of IPV to end the abuse they experience at the hands of their partners.
The prevalence, incidence and risk factors for delirium in Dutch nursing homes and residential care homes
- Authors:
- BOORSMA Marijke, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 27(7), July 2012, pp.709-715.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Delirium is characterised by acute onset, fluctuating course and disturbances of consciousness, attention and perception. Its fluctuating course presents challenges to staff. This study compares the prevalence and incidence of delirium and its risk factors in residents of Dutch nursing and residential care homes. Data were drawn from a study involving a total of 3627 residents using the Long-Term Care Facility (inter RAI-LTCF) version of the Resident Assessment Instrument. Of the residents, 828 residents were from six nursing homes and 1365 from 23 residential homes. Delirium was defined as a positive score on the adjusted Nursing Home–Confusion Assessment Method. The prevalence of delirium was 8.9% in the nursing homes and 8.2% in the residential homes. The incidence was highest in the nursing homes; 20.7 versus 14.6 per 100 person-years. Multivariate tests of risk factors for delirium included chair restraints (OR 2.3); dementia (OR 3.3) and Parkinson's disease (OR 2.3) in nursing homes, and dementia (OR 1.8 and falls (OR 1.7) in residential care homes. The authors that conclude delirium is an important clinical problem in both settings. They suggest there is a need for greater focus on the modifiable risk factors revealed in the analyses.