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Understanding differences in past year psychiatric disorders for Latinos living in the US
- Authors:
- ALEGRIA Margarita, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 65(2), July 2007, pp.214-230.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This study seeks to identify risk factors for psychiatric disorders that may explain differences in nativity effects among adult Latinos in the USA. The authors evaluate whether factors related to the processes of acculturation and enculturation, immigration factors, family stressors and supports, contextual factors, and social status in the US account for differences in 12-month prevalence of psychiatric disorders for eight subgroups of Latinos. The authors report results that differentiate Latino respondents by country of origin and age at immigration (whether they were US-born or arrived before age 6: In-US-as-Child [IUSC]; or whether they arrived after age 6: later-arrival immigrants [LAI]). After age and gender adjustments, LAI Mexicans and IUSC Cubans reported a significantly lower prevalence of depressive disorders than IUSC Mexicans. Once adjustment for differences in family stressors, contextual factors and social status factors were made, these differences were no longer significant. The risk for anxiety disorders appears no different for LAI compared to IUSC Latinos, after age and gender adjustments. For substance use disorders, family factors do not offset the elevated risk of early exposure to neighbourhood disadvantage, but coming to the US after age 25 does offset it. Family conflict and burden were consistently related to the risk of mood disorders. These findings suggest that successful adaptation into the US is a multidimensional process that includes maintenance of family harmony, integration in advantageous US neighbourhoods, and positive perceptions of social standing. These results uncover that nativity may be a less important independent risk factor for current psychiatric morbidity than originally thought.