Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Exploring the relationship between intimate partner violence, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders among female drug users in Barcelona
- Authors:
- GILCHRIST Gail, BLÁZQUEZ Alicia, TORRENS Marta
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 5(2), 2012, pp.46-58.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Histories of psychiatric disorders, intimate partner violence and childhood abuse are common in female substance users in treatment. Research suggests that such histories result in poorer treatment outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between intimate partner violence, childhood abuse and psychiatric disorders among 118 female drug users in treatment in Barcelona, Spain. The risk of experiencing intimate partner violence were nearly 2.5 times greater among those with any depressive disorder, over three times greater for those who reported ever attempting suicide, met criteria for borderline personality disorder, had been abused in childhood or currently lived with a substance user. Only living with a substance user and a history of childhood abuse remained significant in the model examining intimate partner violence victimisation. The authors concluded that histories of intimate partner violence and childhood abuse should be identified and addressed in substance abuse treatment to enhance treatment outcomes.
Burden of chronic physical conditions and mental disorders in primary care
- Authors:
- FERNÁNDEZ Anna, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(4), April 2010, pp.302-309.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The World Health Organization (WHO) has projected HIV/AIDS, unipolar depression and ischaemic heart disease to be the three leading causes of burden of disease in 2030. This paper estimates the health-related quality of life and quality-adjusted life-year losses associated with mental disorders and chronic physical conditions in primary healthcare using data from the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders in primary care study, an epidemiological survey carried out with primary care patients in Catalonia, Spain. Using a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of 3815 primary care patients, a preference-based measure of health was derived from the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF–12): the Short Form–6D (SF–6D) multi-attribute health-status classification. Each profile created by the questionnaire had a weight assigned to it. Using non-parametric quantile regressions to model the association between both mental disorders, chronic physical condition and SF–6D scores, findings showed that the top three causes of quality-adjusted life-year losses annually per 100 000 participants were pain (5064), mood disorders (2634) and anxiety (805). In conclusion, estimation of quality-adjusted life-year losses showed that mood disorders ranked second behind pain-related chronic medical conditions.
Prevalence of mental disorders in children and adolescents from a Spanish slum
- Authors:
- EZPELETA Lourdes, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 64(4), February 2007, pp.842-849.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This paper reports rates of psychopathology in a population of 9- and 13-yr olds from a Spanish slum. Two cohorts of all the children born in 1989 and in 1993 and registered in the census of a municipality in 2001 were assessed over a 3-yr period with structured diagnostic interviews and functional measures. In the first year of the study 79 (53.7%) children of the adolescent 13-yr-old population and 72 (59.5%) of the pre-adolescent 9-yr-old population participated. Between 30% and 60% of preadolescents and between 30% and 50% of adolescents presented some mental disorder. Anxiety and disruptive behaviour disorders were the most frequent disorders in both cohorts. For both genders, the highest risk for any psychopathology was at 10 yr. It was found that, psychopathology and functional impairment decreased with age, and that the psychopathology of children in a peripheral slum of a big city is 3 times higher than the median of the general population. This information should be useful for administrators providing services for children from the most disadvantaged segment of the population.
Unemployment benefits, job search activity and mental health: discouraging or buffering effects?
- Author:
- MALMBERG-HEIMONEN Ira
- Journal article citation:
- Nordisk Sosialt Arbeid, 25(1), 2005, pp.2-16.
- Publisher:
- Universitetsforlaget AS
The modern welfare state forms an important buffer against individual market risks, but has become less effective. Changes are being made in labour market policies generally by restricting access to unemployment benefits and by linking benefits to job search activity. Nevertheless, the effects of these changes are in many cases inconsistent and minor. This study investigates whether unemployment benefits have an impact on job search patterns and whether they are associated in some way with the risks of mental health problems. The study included young unemployed 18-24 year-olds from four countries including Sweden, Finland, Germany and Spain.
Addressing the most damaged adolescents in the child protection system: an analysis of the profiles of young people in therapeutic residential care
- Authors:
- AGUILA-OTERO A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 112, 2020, p.104923.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
In many countries, adolescents in the child protection system present with serious emotional and behavioral problems. In order to address their specific needs, therapeutic residential care (TRC) programs have been created. The goal of this study is to analyze the profile of 353 adolescents in TRC in Spain. Data on family history, high-risk behaviors and their process of intervention in the child welfare system were collected, as well as the clinical profile through the Youth Self-Report (YSR). Results showed a high frequency of high-risk behaviours, especially violent behaviours, substance abuse, running away and suicidal behaviors. About 90% of the sample had a history of continuous mental health treatments starting at an average of 10 years old. About 70% of the sample scored above the clinical threshold of the YSR. Girls exhibited a specific pattern of risk behaviors and mental health needs, showing greater psychological distress and a more complex profile. (Edited publisher abstract)
Measuring elderly people's quality of life through the Beck Hopelessness Scale: a study with a Spanish sample
- Authors:
- SATORRES E., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(2), 2018, pp.239-244.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: Hopelessness is a key element of suicidal intent. It can instill a pessimistic outlook on the future, leading an individual to believe that suicide is the only answer to their problems. Hopelessness operates as a modulating variable between depression and suicidal behavior. The aim of this study was to confirm the factor structure of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) in a non-clinical sample. Method: Three hundred and sixty-two Spanish individuals, aged over 60, free of cognitive impairment and depressive symptoms, completed the BHS scale. Participants were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), using one-, two- and three-factor models. Results: The one- and two-factor models presented adequate fit indices. Specifically, the indices of the two-factor models were better than those of the one-factor model. The two-factor model, without items 4, 9 and 14, provided the best fit, given that the indices obtained in the CFA and their internal consistency were better than those of the other models. Conclusion: The validation of the BHS for a population of Spanish older adults provides a reliable and valid measure of hopelessness and could be useful in clinical practice and research as an effective tool for the early detection of suicidal behaviors. (Publisher abstract)
Abnormal emotional processing in maltreated children diagnosed of Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
- Author:
- BERTO Clara
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 73, 2017, pp.45-50.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Maltreated children usually show a specific pattern of emotional and behavioural symptoms that exceed those relating to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms have been defined as Complex PTSD (CPTSD). The underlying attentional mechanisms of abnormal emotional processing and their relation to the clinical presentation of CPTSD are not well understood. A visual dot-probe paradigm involving pre-attentive (i.e., 500 ms) and attentive (i.e., 1500 ms) presentation rates of neutral versus emotional (i.e., angry, happy or sad) facial expressions was applied. Twenty-one maltreated CPTSD children were compared with twenty-six controls. The results are as follows: an attention bias away from threatening faces and an attentional bias towards sad faces were observed in maltreated CPTSD children during pre-attentive and attentive processing. Whereas the attentional bias away from angry faces was associated with social problems, the attentional bias towards sad faces was associated with depressive and withdrawn symptoms. Therefore, CPTSD children develop maladaptive negative cognitive styles, which may underlie not only social problems (by a cognitive avoidance of threatening stimuli) but also depressive symptoms (by a cognitive approach to sad stimuli). Attention processing abnormalities should be considered as therapeutic targets for new treatment approaches in this population. (Publisher abstract)
Effect of anxiety on memory for emotional information in older adults
- Authors:
- HERRERA Sara, MONTORIO Ignacio, CABRERA Isabel
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 21(4), 2017, pp.362-368.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Several studies have shown that anxiety is associated with a better memory of negative events. However, this anxiety-related memory bias has not been studied in the elderly, in which there is a preferential processing of positive information. Objectives: To study the effect of anxiety in a recognition task and an autobiographical memory task in 102 older adults with high and low levels of trait anxiety. Method: Negative, positive and neutral pictures were used in the recognition task. In the autobiographical memory task, memories of the participants’ lives were recorded, how they felt when thinking about them, and the personal relevance of these memories. Results: In the recognition task, no anxiety-related bias was found toward negative information. Individuals with high trait anxiety were found to remember less positive pictures than those with low trait anxiety. In the autobiographical memory task, both groups remembered negative and positive events equally. However, people with high trait anxiety remembered life experiences with more negative emotions, especially when remembering negative events. Individuals with low trait anxiety tended to feel more positive emotions when remembering their life experiences and most of these referred to feeling positive emotions when remembering negative events. Conclusions: Older adults with anxiety tend to recognise less positive information and to present more negative emotions when remembering life events; while individuals without anxiety have a more positive experience of negative memories. (Edited publisher abstract)
Emotional security in the family system and psychological distress in female survivors of child sexual abuse
- Authors:
- CANTON-CORTES David, CANTON Jose, CORTES María Rosario
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 51, 2015, pp.54-63.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The Emotional Security Theory (EST) was originally developed to investigate the association between high levels of interparental conflict and child maladaptative outcome. The objective of the present study was to analyse the effects of emotional security in the family system on psychological distress among a sample of young female adult survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA). The role of emotional security was investigated through the interactive effects of a number of factors including the type of abuse, the continuity of abuse, the relationship with the perpetrator and the existence of disclosure for the abuse. Participants were 167 female survivors of CSA. Information about the abuse was obtained from a self-reported questionnaire. Emotional security was assessed with the Security in the Family System (SIFS) Scale, and the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) was used to assess psychological distress. In the total sample, insecurity (preoccupation and disengagement) was correlated with high psychological distress scores, whereas no relationship was found between security and psychological distress. The relationship between emotional insecurity and psychological distress was stronger in cases of continued abuse and non-disclosure, while the relationship between emotional security and distress was stronger in cases of extrafamilial abuse and especially isolated or several incidents and when a disclosure had been made. No interactive effect was found between any of the three emotional variables and the type of abuse committed. The results of the current study suggest that characteristics of CSA such as relationship with the perpetrator and, especially, continuity of abuse and whether or not disclosure had been made, can affect the impact of emotional security on psychological distress of CSA survivors. (Publisher abstract)
The impact of the crisis on homelessness in Spain: social intervention in a context of greater need and fewer resources
- Authors:
- MARQUEZ Gorka Moreno, URRAZA Xabier Aierdi
- Journal article citation:
- European Journal of Social Work, 19(1), 2016, pp.31-45.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The purpose of this article is to deepen the understanding of the impact of the social and economic crisis on homeless people in Spain. To this end we present the results of research carried out prior to the crisis and later updated in the midst of the economic recession, underscoring the main results obtained in both periods and tracing their evolution. The number of homeless people in Spain has risen as a result of the crisis. Moreover, while some characteristics of this group remain the same, others have changed. Hence, difficulties in access to the labour market and cuts in certain economic benefits are resulting in an increase in the duration of social inclusion processes. This results in a worsening of the personal situation of the homeless, especially in relation to mental illness and substance abuse. The immigrant population is the group most affected by these impacts. The situation clearly demonstrates the need to reflect on how to deal with the problem of homelessness in Spain, and to rethink the way professionals intervene, especially during periods of economic recession. (Publisher abstract)