Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health problems"’ Sort:
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Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and anxiety disorders as precursors of bipolar disorder onset in adulthood
- Authors:
- MEIER Sandra M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 213(3), 2018, pp.555-560.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety disorders have been proposed as precursors of bipolar disorder, but their joint and relative roles in the development of bipolar disorder are unknown. Aims: To test the prospective relationship of ADHD and anxiety with onset of bipolar disorder. Method: The relationship between ADHD, anxiety disorders and bipolar disorder in a birth cohort of 2 409 236 individuals born in Denmark between 1955 and 1991 was examined. Individuals were followed from their sixteenth birthday or from January 1995 to their first clinical contact for bipolar disorder or until December 2012. The incidence rates per 10 000 person-years was calculated and tested the effects of prior diagnoses on the risk of bipolar disorder in survival models. Results: Over 37 394 865 person-years follow-up, 9250 onsets of bipolar disorder occurred. The incidence rate of bipolar disorder was 2.17 (95% CI 2.12–2.19) in individuals with no prior diagnosis of ADHD or anxiety, 23.86 (95% CI 19.98–27.75) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of ADHD only, 26.05 (95% CI 24.47–27.62) in individuals with a prior diagnosis of anxiety only and 66.16 (95% CI 44.83–87.47) in those with prior diagnoses of both ADHD and anxiety. The combination of ADHD and anxiety increased the risk of bipolar disorder 30-fold (95% CI 21.66–41.40) compared with those with no prior ADHD or anxiety. Conclusions: Early manifestations of both internalising and externalising psychopathology indicate liability to bipolar disorder. The combination of ADHD and anxiety is associated with a very high risk of bipolar disorder. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental health recovery and arts engagement
- Author:
- JENSEN Anita
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice, 13(3), 2018, pp.157 - 166).
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Arts and cultural activities have been illustrated to be beneficial for mental health service users. The purpose of this paper is to explore the benefits of museum visits and engage in arts activities for mental health service users. Design/methodology/approach: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 mental health service users in Denmark. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data and theoretical lens of sociological theories of institutional logics was employed to explore the findings. Findings: These benefits are perceived to include empowerment and meaning in life, which are two of the core principles of recovery; arts engagement can, therefore, be a useful tool in recovery. The findings also show that the experience of visiting a museum was not always positive and depended upon the interaction with the museum educators. Originality/value: The service users identified arts engagement as creating meaning in life and empowerment, which are two element in the conceptual framework, CHIME (an acronym for: Connectedness, Hope and optimism, Identity, Meaning in life and Empowerment), that describes the human process of recovery. The findings also highlighted that if museums want to engage positively with people with mental health problems and contribute to their recovery then the training of staff and the improvement of institutional approaches to support working with vulnerable people are essential. (Edited publisher abstract)
Challenges in working with patients with dual diagnosis
- Author:
- PINDERUP Pernille
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 11(2), 2018, pp.60-75.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Studies have shown that mental health professionals find working with patients with dual diagnosis challenging, and the purpose of this paper is to examine some of these challenges. Design/methodology/approach: In total, 85 mental health professionals from 8 different mental health centres in Denmark were interviewed. The data analysis was inspired by a grounded theory approach. Findings: Different challenges in the dual diagnosis treatment were identified and they suggested that the focus of treatment was mainly on the mental illness rather than the substance use disorder. The single focus of the treatment made it challenging to treat patients with dual diagnosis sufficiently. While several studies explain the single focus by inadequate competencies among professionals, the present study suggests that the single focus is also explained by the way that the treatment is organised. For instance, standardized treatment packages and insufficient guidelines on substance abuse treatment make it challenging to treat patients with dual diagnosis. Originality/value: This paper suggests that a more flexible, and a longer period of, treatment, together with more sufficient guidelines on dual diagnosis treatment and a more formalized collaboration with the substance abuse treatment centres, will make it a less challenging issue to treat patients with dual diagnosis. (Edited publisher abstract)
‘It feels as if time has come to a standstill’: institutionalised everyday lives among youth with a mental illness
- Authors:
- KESSING Malene Lue, RAVN Signe
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Youth Studies, 20(8), 2017, pp.959-973.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper focuses on the everyday lives of young people with a severe mental illness living temporarily at a social psychiatric housing facility in Denmark. In the paper we take a temporal approach to the analysis of this and we draw on Henri Lefebvre’s work on rhythm analysis to investigate the differences between the rhythms of everyday life within the institution and the rhythms of what is perceived as the everyday life of ‘ordinary’ youth. The authors also show how digital technologies play a central part in these institutionalised everyday lives by creating connections as well as disruptions between different time-spaces. Centrally, the authors point to the positive and negative consequences this has for the young peoples’ sense of self. Empirically, the paper is based on a four-month ethnographic fieldwork at the housing facility in 2014. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recovery from mental illness: a service user perspective on facilitators and barriers
- Authors:
- PETERSEN Kirsten Schultz, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 51(1), 2015, pp.1-13.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Mental health services strive to implement a recovery-oriented approach to rehabilitation. Little is known about service users' perception of the recovery approach. The aim is to explore the service user's perspectives on facilitators and barriers associated with recovery. Twelve residents living in supported housing services are interviewed. The analysis is guided by a phenomenological-hermeneutic approach and the interpretation involves theories from critical theory, sociology, and learning. Learning, social relations, and willpower are identified as having an impact on recovery. Stigmatisation and social barriers occurred. Social relations to peer residents and staff were reported as potentially having a positive and negative impact on recovery. Studies have explored the user's perspectives on recovery but this study contributes with knowledge on how recovery-oriented services have an impact on recovery. (Publisher abstract)
The variation of the stress–mental health relationship by ethnicity and gender
- Authors:
- BANCILA Delia, SINGHAMMER John
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 15(3), 2013, pp.178-192.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Population-based studies have consistently shown a higher frequency of stress and mental health problems (MHPs) among women than among men, and among immigrants than among the ethnic majority. However, little is known about ethnic variation and gender differences among immigrants. This study aimed to explore the variation of the stress–mental health relationship by gender and ethnicity. Logistic regression analyses were conducted on data from 2349 participants including Danes, and Lebanese, Pakistani and Turks – first generation of immigrants in Denmark. The results showed similarities and differences between women and men and between ethnic groups. The risk of developing MHPs was higher among women than among men and the gender difference was significant in all immigrants groups but not in Danes. Although the stress exposure is higher among women and immigrants, gender and ethnic differences in mental health are better explained by cultural dimensions and circumstances in peoples' life. (Publisher abstract)
Existential and religious issues when admitted to hospital in a secular society: patterns of change
- Author:
- LA COUR Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Religion and Culture, 11(8), December 2008, pp.769-782.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Situated in a secular culture, this study examined the relationship between four dimensions of health and a number of existential, religious, and spiritual/religious practice variables in questionnaires sampled from 480 Danish hospital patients. Illness dimensions were: self-rated health, severity of illness, illness duration, and recent changes in illness. The results indicated the youngest age group (<36 years) to be the most active on all existence/religious/practice variables. Small overall correlations were found between the illness dimensions and existential/religious/practice variables, but results had underlying complex patterns. The dimension of severity of illness showed the most consistent results in the expected direction: the worse the illness, the more existential/religious/practice activity, but very different patterns were found for men and women. Men generally had low levels of existential/religious/practice issues, when illness was not severe, but levels heightened when illness turned worse. The opposite was the case for women who had overall higher levels, when illness was not severe, but unexpectedly lost interest and activity when the illness grew worse, especially regarding the religious faith variables. When illness turned to the better, women (re)gained religious faith. The illness duration of 1-3 months showed to be the most sensitive period for the existential/religious/practice variables involved. The patients' experience of change in existential/religious/practice issues and the actual measured change pattern did not always follow each other. The findings might contribute to clinical reflection and planning in health care settings in secular societies like in Scandinavia.
Long-term effects of organized violence on young Middle Eastern refugees' mental health
- Author:
- MONTGOMERY Edith
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 67(10), November 2008, pp.1596-1603.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The pre- and post-displacement factors associated with psychological problems among young refugees are not clear. From the existing research it appears that refugee children and adolescents are vulnerable to the effects of pre-migration exposure to trauma, but the long-term effects of such exposure are mediated by certain risk and protective factors at the individual, family and community level. The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of traumatic experiences before emigration, as well as social life after immigration, on the mental health of young Middle Eastern refugees 8–9 years after immigration into Denmark. The study group comprises 131 young refugees (76 girls and 55 boys; mean age 15.3 years) from 67 families. They were assessed in 2000–2001 as part of a follow-up study of 311 children, who in 1992–1993 were consecutively registered in Denmark as asylum seekers with at least one parent. Predictors of more externalizing behaviour were: witnessing attack on others after arrival, more schools attended, less attending school or work, lower mother's education in the home country and lower age. Predictors of more internalizing behaviour were: numbers of types of traumatic events before arrival, numbers of types of stressful events after arrival, and numbers of types of experiences of discrimination, lower mother's education in the home country, fewer Danish friends, not Muslim or Christian religion, less Danish proficiency and female gender. It is concluded that aspects of social life in Denmark, including mother's education and indicators of adaptation, as well as a stressful life context in exile, including discrimination, predicted psychological problems 8–9 years after arrival, more than traumatic experiences before arrival. Thus, the prevention of psychopathology in young refugees depends to a large extent on the political will to make provision for the necessary changes regarding reception and treatment of refugees.
Religion and survival in a secular region. a twenty year follow-up of 734 Danish adults born in 1914
- Authors:
- LA COUR Peter, AYLAND Kirsten, SCHHULZ-LARSEN Kirsten
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 62(1), January 2006, pp.157-164.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
The aim of the study was to analyse associations of religiosity and mortality in a secular region. The sample consisted of 734 Danish, community dwelling elderly persons, living in a secular culture, and all aged 70 when primary data were collected. Secondary data consisted of a 20 year follow-up on vital status or exact age of death. The study was designed to be highly comparable to studies conducted in more religious environments in order to compare results. Three variables of religion were investigated in relation to survival: importance of affiliation, church attendance and listening to religious media. Relative hazards (RH) of dying were controlled in models including gender, education, medical and mental health, social relations, help given and received, and health behaviour. The results showed significant and positive associations between claiming religious affiliation important and survival (relative hazard of dying=RH .70; 95% CI .58–.85) and church attendance and survival (RH .73; 95% CI .64–.87). Results decreased and only stayed significant regarding church attendance when controlled for covariates. Nearly all significant effects were seen in women, but not in men. The effect size of the full sample is less than in more religious environments in United States samples. Although the positive overall RHs are comparable to those of other studies, the mediating variables and pathways of effects seem dissimilar in this sample from a secular environment. Receiving and especially giving help to others are suggested as variables of explanatory value.
Service provision for elderly depressed persons and political and professional awareness for this subject: a comparison of six European countries
- Author:
- BRAMSFELD Anke
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(5), May 2003, pp.392-401.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Under-treatment of depression in late-life is a subject of rising public health concern throughout Europe. This study investigates and compares the availability of services for depressed elderly persons in Denmark, France, Germany, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK. Additionally, it explores factors that might contribute to an adequate services supply for depressed elderly people. Review of the literature and guide supported expert interviews. Analysis of the practice of care provision for depressed elderly persons and of indicators for political and professional awareness, such as university chairs, certification processes and political programmes in gerontopsychiatry. Only Switzerland and the UK offer countrywide community-oriented services for depressed elderly persons. Clinical experience in treating depression in late-life is not regularly acquired in the vocational training of the concerned professionals. Indicators suggest that the medical society and health politics in Switzerland and the UK regard psychiatric disease in the elderly more importantly than it is the case in the other investigated countries. Service provision for depressed elderly persons seems to be more elaborated and better available in countries where gerontopsychiatry is institutionalised to a greater extend in the medical society and health politics.