Search results for ‘Subject term:"mental health"’ Sort:
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Early and late onset groups of substance misusers: differences in primary and secondary psychiatric disorders
- Authors:
- BAKKEN K., LANDHEIM A.S., VAGLUM P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Substance Use, 9(5), October 2004, pp.224-234p.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Aimed to identify clinical differences between early and late onset (EO and LO, under and over 18) groups with substance use disorders (SUDs) using a sample of 156 alcohol-dependent and 131 polysubstance-dependent patients from 3 out-patient and 6 in-patient public programmes in 2 counties in Norway. Primary axis I disorders (occurring at least 1 year before any SUD) and secondary axis I disorders (occurring at least 1 year after any SUD) were assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and axis II disorders with Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II. Significantly more in the EO group had primary anxiety disorders (especially social phobia and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) and anti-social, borderline and passive-aggressive personality disorders (PDs), and fewer had dependent and compulsive PDs. EO strongly predicted polysubstance misusers (versus pure alcoholism) and had more frequent secondary PTSD. Results were generally identical when a cutoff point of 25 years was used. The average EO patient's SUD manifested 6 years before psychiatric treatment; the LO patients had been in psychiatric treatment 2 years before the SUD. Concludes that EO/LO allowed the delineation of 2 clinical sub-groups and provided information about possible prevention strategies, early interventions and treatment.
Expenditures of time and money by families of people with severe mental illness and substance use disorders
- Authors:
- CLARK Robin E., DRAKE Robert E.
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 30(2), April 1994, pp.145-163.
- Publisher:
- Springer
Families are typically a major source of support for people with mental illness, but substance abuse places an additional burden on family relations. Data from families of 169 people with co-occurring mental illness and substance abuse indicate that they give a substantial amount of time and money to their relatives with dual disorders.
Multiple factors associated with child abuse perpetration: a nationwide population-based retrospective study
- Authors:
- CHANG Cheng-Chen, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(11-12), 2021, pp.5360-5382.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Differences in child abuse perpetration between individuals with and without mental disorders remain obscure. This study compared the risk difference and further investigated the association between the category of mental disorders and child abuse perpetration. A total of 681,970 adults from the 2002 to 2013 Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database were analyzed, including 340,985 patients with psychiatric disorders (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] codes 290.x–319.x) and 340,985 sex- and age-matched individuals without psychiatric disorders. Child abuse perpetration (ICD-9-CM N-codes 995.5x and E-code E967) was the outcome variable. Matched analyses indicated that the risk of child abuse among patients with psychiatric disorders (0.25%) was significantly higher than that among those without psychiatric disorders (0.16%; odds ratio [OR] = 1.464, p < .0001). Among the six categories of mental disorders, the prevalence rates of committing child abuse were significantly higher for personality disorders, substance use, and affective disorders (0.56%, 0.45%, and 0.40%, respectively; p < .0001). Compared with anxiety disorders, substance use disorders were significantly associated with higher odds of child abuse perpetration (OR = 2.032, p < .05), especially physical abuse (OR = 2.018, p < .0001). Psychiatric morbidity was associated with higher odds of child abuse, with substance use determined as the major risk category. Screening high-risk families by using the associated factors is crucial. (Edited publisher abstract)
Reasons for use package: outcomes from a case comparison evaluation
- Authors:
- MYERS Kevan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 30(7), 2020, pp.783-790.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The objective was to explore the efficacy of a dual diagnosis resource—the Reasons For Use Package (RFUP)—to build staff capacity to work with service users and explore service user experiences. A two-state case comparison evaluation was conducted employing a mixed methods action research design, utilizing staff and service user surveys combined with focus groups involving staff trained and mentored in use of the RFUP. Results were that both staff and service users responded positively to the RFUP. Staff self-reported improvements in knowledge and confidence, and service users reported the RFUP assisted them with reflecting on interactions between their mental health and substance use; this assisted them with goal planning and improved their working relationship with staff. Implications were that training and mentoring in the RFUP can contribute to building staff knowledge and confidence in dual diagnosis interventions in mental health community services, and benefit service users. (Publisher abstract)
An exploratory case study of the impact of psychiatric service dogs on problematic substance use among PTSD-diagnosed veterans
- Authors:
- HUSBAND Alicia, AHMED Anan, DELL Colleen Anne
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Substance Use, 25(2), 2020, pp.113-117.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and co-occurring problematic substance use is a health concern among Canadian military veterans. There are complex pathways to their problematic use of substances, including high-risk use of licit and illicit substances both pre and post PTSD diagnosis as well as access to prescribed PTSD medication with a potential for misuse. Methods: This exploratory case study examines whether and how the introduction of a psychiatric service dog (PSD) for veterans diagnosed with PTSD assists with addressing their problematic use of substances, both illicit and licit, including prescribed medications. Veterans’ prescription histories were reviewed one year prior to and one year after their match with a PSD. Interviews were held with the veterans at the second point in time to review their substance use. Results: A PSD assisted with decreasing the veterans’ PTSD symptoms and provided a steady source of additional personalised support. The veterans decreased their problematic use of prescribed and other licit and illicit substances. The veterans also stabilised or decreased their use of prescription medication. Conclusion: Psychiatric service dogs are a potential complementary health practice for PTSD diagnosed veterans who problematically use substances. This finding supports a call for further research. (Edited publisher abstract)
A comparison of substance abuse severity among homeless and non-homeless adults
- Author:
- HUNTLEY Sylvia S.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 25(4), 2015, pp.312-321.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This study aimed to determine whether mental health status and being homeless were significant predicators of substance abuse severity among adults and to determine whether mental health status was a significant predictor of substance abuse severity among adults over and above homeless status. Data were collected from 60 individuals from the Baltimore metropolitan area in the United States. Thirty individuals were homeless and attended a breakfast program; 30 individuals were residents of a community in close proximity to the program. Modes of measurement consisted of the Addiction Severity Index Self Report Form and the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Data for this study were coded numerically and analysed using multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that housing status was a significant predictor of alcohol abuse and that mental health status was not a significant predicator of substance abuse severity over and above homeless status. (Edited publisher abstract)
Mental preparation during pregnancy in women with substance addiction: a qualitative interview-study
- Author:
- SÖDERSTRÖM Kerstin
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Family Social Work, 17(4), November 2012, pp.458-467.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
To date, most studies on the interplay between pregnancy and addiction focus on the adverse effects of substance exposure. However, this study explored the perspective of the mothers-to-be by investigating the subjective experience of pregnancy in substance-addicted women. Fourteen women in family treatment for substance use disorder participated in eight focus groups. The data were analysed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings indicated that recognition of pregnancy was distorted and delayed, and strong feelings of ambivalence and guilt persisted throughout pregnancy, along with hope for change. Addiction and an intense preoccupation with external expectations are seen as a threat to intrauterine attachment and mental preparation for the caregiving role. The authors concluded that interventions must take into account the specific ways in which addiction influences the psychological processes of pregnancy, and provide essential social support when required.
Features of childhood sexual abuse and the development of psychiatric and substance use disorders
- Authors:
- BULIK Cynthia M., PRESCOTT Carol A., KENDLER Kenneth S.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, November 2001, pp.444-449.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Explores the risk associated with features of CSA and examines whether specific associations exist between particular profiles of CSA and the development of specific syndromes. In a population-based sample of adult female twins, logistic regression was used to explore the association between features of CSA (reported by the twin and her co-twin) and lifetime major depression, generalised anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, panic disorder and alcohol and drug dependence. Concludes that Specific features of CSA differentially increase risk of later psychopathology; however, there do not appear to be unique predictive relationships between features of CSA and the emergence of specific psychiatric disorders.
Children and young people's mental health: exploring presentation in mental health crisis through linked routine health care data in Wales, NDL Wales Team
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH WALES
- Publisher:
- Public Health Wales
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 18
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This report uses population-scale, individual-level anonymised linked data to describe mental health crisis presentation of children and young people in acute care in Wales. Individuals were included in the study population for any time period(s) from 2016 to 2020 in which the following conditions were met: 11-24 years old; living in Wales. The analysis shows that the highest risk factor for presenting in mental health crisis was substance misuse services (SMS) history; there were 42,979 mental health crisis events from 2016- 2019; the rate was relatively stable at 22.01 events per 1,000 PYAR across the 4 years; the rate of mental health crisis events declined in 2020, to 18.6 events per 1,000 PYAR; rates were consistently higher in females, and varied by age in both sexes; over all years, the rate of mental health crisis events was consistently highest in the most deprived areas - in 2020, a decline in the rate of mental health crisis events was evident across all quintiles of deprivation; rates of mental health crisis events were higher in urban areas than rural areas; rates of mental health crisis events was higher in those with SMS history. (Edited publisher abstract)
Child safety decisions and parental mental health problems: a new analysis of mediating factors
- Authors:
- ROSCOE Joseph N., LERY Bridgette, THOMPSON Doug
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 120, 2021, p.105202.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Background: Our previous study showed that parents with mental health problems or substance abuse are at increased risk of having children removed from the home, primarily due to caregiving deficits, neglect, and prenatal exposure to substances, not physical abuse. Objective: Using a larger sample and more rigorous analysis, the present study improves and expand upon the previous study, yielding more robust explanations for why these children are at increased risk of removal. Participants and setting: The study uses a sample of 4070 Structured Decision Making® assessments conducted by San Francisco's Child Welfare provider involving parents reported for the first time from 2007 to 2015. Methods: Using structural equation modeling, mediation models were constructed to test the indirect effects of thirteen child safety threats on safety decision. Results: Four threats explained 95% of the effect of mental health problems on safety decision, two of which retained significance in the final model: Failure to Meet Immediate Needs (OR = 1.26, p ≤ 0.01) and Previous Maltreatment (OR = 1.24, p ≤ 0.05). Seven safety threats explained 91% of the effect of co-occurring mental health problems and substance abuse, two of which retained significance in the final model: Failure to Meet Immediate Needs (OR = 1.78, p ≤ 0.001) and Physical Harm (Drug-Exposed Infant; OR = 1.57, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: As previously shown, parental mental health problems and substance abuse are not ipso facto safety threats. Rather, unmet child needs account for much of the increased risk of child removal in this population, underscoring the importance of timely resource referrals. (Edited publisher abstract)