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Unpaid carers in Wales: the creation of an e-cohort to understand long-term health conditions amongst unpaid carers in Wales
- Authors:
- HUANG Fangzhou, SONG Jiao, DAVIES Alisha R.
- Publisher:
- Public Health Wales
- Publication year:
- 2021
- Pagination:
- 33
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
This is the first study in Wales providing a comprehensive assessment of the prevalence of physical and mental long-term health conditions and multimorbidity as managed in primary care amongst unpaid carers, and compared to a matched comparison group of non-carers in Wales. The study identified over 62,000 unpaid carers in Wales over the period 2011 to 2020, and described the health of this group. Key findings include: the proportion of individuals diagnosed with a long-term condition was higher amongst unpaid carers compared to non-carers, across 36 different conditions studied; anxiety and/or depression was the most commonly diagnosed long-term condition in both unpaid carers and non-carers, but was 1.8 times higher in unpaid carers; others conditions with a higher rate among unpaid carers than non-carers included, musculoskeletal disorders, cancer, constipation and irritable bowel syndrome; amongst unpaid carers, higher rates of anxiety and/or depression, epilepsy, irritable bowel syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders were amongst young carers; over three in 10 unpaid carers in Wales were living with multiple long-term conditions – unpaid carers were also more likely to be managing multiple conditions at a younger age; the association between caring and poor health was evident irrespective of deprivation. (Edited publisher abstract)
Working our way to better mental health: a framework for action
- Authors:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Department for Work and Pensions, GREAT BRITAIN. Department of Health
- Publisher:
- Stationery Office
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 103p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The framework, which focuses on the role of employment in improving mental health and well-being, is the result of joint working between government departments in England, Scotland and Wales, and advice from specialists. It is designed to improve well-being at work for everyone, and to deliver better employment results for people with mental health conditions, supporting them into work, helping them to stay in work, and assisting them to return to work after sickness absences. It identifies 6 key areas for action: changing attitudes to mental health, improving health and well-being at work for the whole population, swift intervention when things go wrong, coordinated help tailored to individuals' needs both in and out of work, building resilience from early years and throughout working lives, and coordinated action across government. The report sets out the government's programme for action on employment and mental health.
Services are not enough: child well-being in a very unequal society
- Author:
- ROWLANDS John
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Children's Services, 5(3), September 2010, pp.80-88.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article describes policy ideas that have arisen since the implementation of the Children Act 1989 concerning child need, vulnerability and universalism. It acknowledges the significance of working to beneficial child outcomes as both a force to pull services into coherence and as a measure of how well our children are doing. However, the article outlines how children in the UK are not doing well when compared with other western societies. The article considers whether we are asking too much of services in the face of long-term, ongoing inequality in our society. It discusses the capacity to deal with children in need, and the services available for such vulnerable children. The author then examines the conceptual components of recent policy, how they relate to child outcomes, and also describes the implications for children with serious difficulties.
Where will he receive better care
- Author:
- LEASON Katie
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 27.01.05, 2005, pp.34-36.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Discusses the Scottish Mental Health (Care and Treatment) (Scotland) Act 2003 which has received support from both professionals and service users. Looks at some of the differences between the Scottish Act and the Mental Health Bill in England and Wales and the reasons why the Scottish Act has been broadly accepted whilst the draft Mental Health Bill has been dogged by opposition. Looks specifically at the definition of mental disorder, the principles in the legislation, conditions required for compulsory treatment, and areas of contention.
The waiting game
- Author:
- HARGREAVES Roger
- Journal article citation:
- Professional Social Work, August 2004, p.18.
- Publisher:
- British Association of Social Workers
The author, Chair of the BASW Mental Heath Special Interest Group, gives his predictions on the outcome of the long-awaited Mental Health Bill for England and Wales. Discusses how many of the objections have been taken on board and looks at the future of Approved Social Workers (ASW).
Mental health promotion: options for Wales
- Authors:
- HODGSON Ray, ABBASI Tina
- Publisher:
- Health Promotion Wales
- Publication year:
- 1995
- Pagination:
- 23p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
The third in a series from Health Promotion Wales (HPW) on mental health promotion. Consolidates some of the main findings from the first two reports, and sets out proposals for developing a coordinated programme of mental health promotion.
A strategy for Wales
- Author:
- HATCHETT Will
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 11.6.92, 1992, pp.12-14.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Discovers why the All Wales Mental Illness Strategy appears likely to succeed where the earlier Mental Handicap Strategy ran into difficulties.
Poverty and social exclusion: a way forward
- Author:
- WALES CENTRE FOR PUBLIC POLICY
- Publisher:
- Wales Centre for Public Policy
- Publication year:
- 2022
- Pagination:
- 3
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
The Wales Centre for Public Policy (WCPP) was commissioned by the Welsh Government to conduct a review of international poverty and social exclusion strategies, programmes and interventions. WCPP’s review has covered a breadth of evidence, from 'what works' in individual interventions, to what makes an effective national strategy. A total of 18 reports were produced for this project, providing a substantial bank of evidence. This policy briefing aims to bring together this evidence to frame and inform Welsh Government discussions on 'what next' to alleviate poverty and social exclusion in Wales. Taken together, the evidence shows that poverty and social exclusion are highly complex, multifaceted and dynamic 'problems' to address, spanning multiple policy areas, actors and delivery structures. The lived experience of poverty and social exclusion reflects this complexity and volatility - those affected neither view nor experience poverty and social exclusion in discrete policy areas and the nature of their experience changes over time. These 'problems' therefore cannot be effectively addressed through single-step solutions or parallel policy 'silos': an intentionally collaborative, multi-dimensional, flexible and integrated approach is required. What emerges from the evidence reviewed is that any effective anti-poverty strategy in Wales must prioritise and focus on delivery. It must also include a 'policy mix' that responds to the interconnectedness across different policy areas of the problem and experience of poverty and social exclusion. (Edited publisher abstract)
COVID-19 research: the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental well-being and psychological distress: impact on a single country
- Authors:
- O'CONNOR Chris, et al
- Publishers:
- Cardiff University, Swansea University
- Publication year:
- 2020
- Pagination:
- 45
- Place of publication:
- Cardiff
The COVID-19 pandemic is likely to have affected the psychological well-being and mental health of many people. Data on prevalence rates of mental health problems are needed for mental health service planning. We examined psychological well-being and prevalence of clinically significant mental distress in a large sample from Wales 11-16 weeks into lockdown and compared this to population-based data collected pre-COVID-19. Data were collected using an online survey disseminated across Wales and open to adults (age 16+) from 9 June to 13 July 2020. Psychological well-being was indexed via the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and psychological distress was indexed via the K10. Data were compared to those from April 2018-March 2019 gathered by the National Survey for Wales. Data from 12,989 people were analysed. Well-being showed a large decrease from pre-COVID levels. Clinically significant psychological distress was found in around 50% of the population (men = 47.4%, women = 58.6%), with around 20% showing “severe” effects (men = 17.0%, women = 20.9%). By June-July 2020 the COVID-19 pandemic had dramatic effects on the mental health of people living in Wales (and by implication those in the UK and beyond). The effects are larger than previous reports. This probably reflects that the current data were taken deeper into the lockdown period than previous evaluations of psychological distress and well-being during the Covid-19 pandemic. Those responsible for the planning and delivery of mental health support, at both a national and local level, need to continue to take actions to meet an increased need for mental health support within our population. (Edited publisher abstract)
A longitudinal exploration of mental health resilience, cognitive impairment and loneliness
- Authors:
- WINDLE Gill, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 36(7), 2021, pp.1020-1028.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: There is a growing interest in how people living with dementia may achieve good outcomes and be resilient despite their health challenges. Understanding what might be important for resilience in this population is largely untested theory. Methods: The analysis draws a subsample with cognitive impairment (N = 579) from two waves of the Cognitive Function and Ageing Studies Wales study, a nationally representative study of community-dwelling people aged 65+ in Wales. We constructed a measure of mental health resilience (MHR) defined as no depression, no anxiety and high well-being. Drawing on a resilience framework, we tested univariate and cumulative effects models of the factors that enable MHR, and then examined whether MHR is important for reducing loneliness over time. Results: Across both waves of data 22% (n = 121) met the criteria for MHR. The cumulative effects model found the odds of MHR were greater for male gender, higher self-esteem, greater social resources and no subjective memory complaints. Controlling for these significant predictors, MHR significantly predicted lower total and sub-scale scores for loneliness at wave 2. Sensitivity analysis shows these effects held at lower levels of cognitive function when the Mini-Mental State Examination score was <25, but not at <23. Conclusions: This paper addresses a gap in research regarding the conceptualisation and measurement of resilience when facing cognitive impairment. Understanding what aspects of a person's life might enable good mental health despite cognitive impairment—to be resilient—could inform effective strategies for friends and families, along with health, and social policy and practice. (Edited publisher abstract)