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The mental health of young people aging out of care and entering adulthood: Exploring the evidence from England and France
- Authors:
- STEIN Mike, DUMARET Annick-Camille
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 33(12), December 2011, pp.2504-2511.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
This article reviews the evidence from England and France on the mental health of young people ageing out of care and into adulthood. It is the first comparative review of the two countries and concentrates on the evidence on the mental health of young people in the general population, young people living in care, young people aging out of care, and young adults. The article shows the high levels of psychological adversity of young people entering car, and the high rates of mental health problems of young people in care compared with the general population of young people. It highlights the increased risk of mental and physical problems at the time of ageing out of care, and the general improvement in longer-term outcomes for young adults, although some continue to have serious mental health problems. In conclusion, the article argues that interventions across the life course of young people are needed in both countries.
Life satisfaction among children in different family structures: a comparative study of 36 western Societies
- Authors:
- BJARNASON Thoroddur, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Society, 26(1), January 2012, pp.51-62.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Children living in less fortunate economic circumstances can be expected to be less satisfied with life and the association between single parenthood and reduced life satisfaction may be partly due to economic hardship. This paper examines differences in life satisfaction among 184,496 children in different family structures in 36 western countries. Findings revealed that children living with both biological parents reported higher levels of life satisfaction than children living with a single parent or parent–step-parent. Children in joint physical custody reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction than their counterparts in other types of non-intact families. Difficulties in communicating with parents were strongly associated with less life satisfaction but did not mediate the relation between family structure and life satisfaction. Children in the Nordic countries characterised by strong welfare systems reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction in all living arrangements except in single father households. While such life events as divorce or single motherhood may be heavily stigmatised in some countries and certain segments within countries, they may well be relatively meaningless in other social contexts. This may be a major source of the considerable variation in life satisfaction among children in living with single mothers or step-parents in different countries.
Piloting mental health indicators for Europe
- Authors:
- KORKEILA J. A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Mental Health, 16(3), June 2007, pp.401-413.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- London
A two-year action project to establish the indicators for mental health monitoring in Europe started in 1999 under the sponsorship of the EC Health Monitoring Programme. This paper reports the results of a pilot survey conducted to test the feasibility of the set of survey indicators proposed. The test phase of the implementation of the set of mental health indicators involved five of the Active Partners (France, Germany, Greece, Finland, and Norway) of the Mental Health Indicators Project. The sample consists of 2059 subjects, 923 men (44.8%) and 1136 (55.2%) women. The number of subjects interviewed in each country ranged between 378 (Norway) and 441 (France). The coverage of collected data was good. However, telephone interviews did not appear to be the method-of-choice for conducting surveys regarding mental health indicators in the future. The prevalence figures of major depression and risk of having a problem with alcohol are in agreement with the major European studies. The set of indicators could be easily incorporated into general health surveys, as the interviews conducted were not time-consuming. The results supported the view that the citizens interviewed have found the survey easily acceptable.
Evaluation of comprehensive care of the mentally ill: the transition from mental hospital care to extramural care of the mentally ill in European Community Countries
- Editors:
- FREEMAN Hugh, HENDERSON John
- Publishers:
- Gaskell, Royal College of Psychiatrists
- Publication year:
- 1991
- Pagination:
- 220p.,tables,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Direct and indirect relationships between physical activity and happiness levels among older adults: a cross-sectional study
- Author:
- de SOUTO BARRETO Philipe
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 18(7), 2014, pp.861-868.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objectives: The purposes of this study were to examine if physical activity (PA) is associated to happiness and to investigate if social functioning and health status mediate this association. Method: Participants of this cross-sectional study were 323 men and women, age 60 or over, who were covered by the medical insurance of the French National Education System, France. They received by mail a self-report questionnaire that asked for information about general health, PA, and happiness. Results: In multinomial logistic regressions, the total volume of PA was associated to higher levels of happiness, but this association disappeared in the presence of social functioning. A structural equation modelling (SEM) showed an indirect association between PA and happiness, which was mediated by participants’ health status and social functioning; in this SEM model, social functioning was the only variable directly associated to happiness. Conclusion: Complex associations among PA, health status, and social functioning appear to determine happiness levels in older adults. (Publisher abstract)
A study of adopted children, their environment, and development: a systematic review
- Author:
- CHRISTOFFERSEN Mogens Nygaard
- Journal article citation:
- Adoption Quarterly, 15(3), 2012, pp.220-237.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia
Adoption has a long history as a form of care for children in need, and adopted children generally show a good developmental outcome. The study explores the developmental consequences for children who have been adopted. The comparison group is comprised of their non-adopted siblings or children in foster homes or group care. A search in scientific databases resulted in more than 3,300 hits about adoption. The search resulted in 56 hits which fulfilled the selection criteria from 17 studies across 1,200 adoptees and 1,200 non-adopted comparisons. The studies were published in the years 1977 to 2006. They were conducted in OECD countries such as Canada, Denmark, England, France, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, and the United States as well as Chile, Lebanon, and India. Findings revealed that adopted children scored higher on IQ, school-performance, and lack of behavioural problems than their non-adopted siblings or peers who stayed behind in orphanages or foster homes. The results from OECD countries were similar to those from studies in Chile, Lebanon, and India.
Development and validation of the Cognitive Inventory of subjective distress
- Authors:
- ANTOINE Pascal, ANTONINE Christine, NANDRINO Jean-Louis
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23(11), November 2008, pp.1175-1181.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study was aimed at exploring some of the facets of psychological distress during aging, and at validating an inventory, the Cognitive Inventory of Subjective Distress (CISD) for assessing this kind of distress. An inventory of thoughts representing distress schemas was administered to 298 elderly subjects living at home or in a centre in France. Factor analyses suggested retaining 29 items. They explained 62% of the total variance and corresponded to seven distinct facets: abandonment, dependency, disengagement, fear of losing control, loss of individuality, refusal of help, and vulnerability. These dimensions turned out to be relatively independent of each other and moderately correlated with measures of depression and anxiety. The internal consistency and temporal reliability of the seven scales are good. The CISD is an original tool for assessing psychological distress. It is geared to old and very old individuals living in a centre for the elderly, and its design takes the fatiguability and cognitive heterogeneity of this population into account. This inventory can also be used for psychopathological assessment and can serve as a baseline for following patients over time or in the course of therapy.
The relationship between hearing loss in older adults and depression over 12 years: Findings from the Three‐City prospective cohort study
- Authors:
- COSH Suzanne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 33(12), 2018, pp.1654-1661.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective: The present study aims to examine the longitudinal relationship between hearing loss (HL) with depression in older adults over 12 years of follow‐up. Method: Eight thousand three hundred forty‐four French community‐dwelling adults aged 65 and above participated in the Three‐City prospective population‐based study. Baseline relationships between self‐reported mild and severe HL with depression—assessed by both the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and by the Centre for Epidemiology Studies Depression scale—were explored using logistic regression analyses. Logistic mixed models assessed whether baseline HL was associated with incident depression diagnosis or symptom onset over 12 years in those who were depression‐free at baseline. Results: At baseline, mild and severe HL were associated with depression symptoms as assessed by the CESD (OR = 1.29, 95% CIs 1.14‐1.47; OR = 1.51, 95% CIs 1.22‐1.87; respectively), although only mild HL was significantly related to major depression diagnosis (OR = 1.51, 95% CIs 1.07‐2.12). Over 12 years, mild and severe HL were associated with incident depression as assessed by the CESD in those without depression at baseline (OR = 1.36, 95% CIs 1.15‐1.61; OR = 1.69, 95% CIs 1.15‐2.30; respectively), but was not associated with a major depression diagnosis. Conclusions: Both mild and severe thresholds of HL are associated with depression symptoms over time, but not with incident diagnosis of major depression. Improved and ongoing detection of subthreshold depression amongst older adults with HL may improve quality of life for this population. (Edited publisher abstract)
Peer violence, mental health and suicidal ideation in a sample of French adolescent
- Authors:
- POTARD C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 16(5), 2014, pp.267-278.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The aim of this study was to investigate the link between suicidal ideation, psychological morbidity and experiences with peer violence (victim or perpetrator) among adolescents. This study examined direct and indirect violence separately. A sample of 361 high school students from France completed a self-administered survey consisting of the Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and the General Health Questionnaire. Indirect peer victimisation experienced by girls and direct peer victimisation experienced by boys were more strongly linked to suicidal thoughts. Indirect aggression was also related to suicidal ideation among boys only. Indirect victimisation at school was linked to a drop in self-esteem, a factor strongly related to the level of suicidal ideation, particularly for boys. These findings show that adolescent peer violence must be given particular attention in educational institutions due to its links not only with suicidal ideation, but also more broadly with students’ psychological distress. (Edited publisher abstract)
Caring for mentally ill people in Europe
- Authors:
- VAN OS Jan, NEELEMAN Jan
- Journal article citation:
- British Medical Journal, 5.11.94, 1994, pp.1218-1221.
- Publisher:
- British Medical Association
Despite legislation to harmonise mental health practice throughout Europe and convergence in systems of training there remains an extraordinary diversity of psychiatric practice in Europe. Approaches to tackling substance misuse vary among nations; statistics on psychiatric morbidity are affected by different approaches to diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders; attitudes towards mental illness show definite international differences. Everywhere, though, mental health care for patients with psychotic illness is a "cinderella service", and there is a general move towards care falling increasingly on the family and the community.