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Unitas: the clinic of the street-community mental health in practice
- Author:
- EISMANN Edward P.
- Journal article citation:
- Smith College Studies in Social Work, 71(2), 2001, pp.305-321.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
The community mental health movement of the 1960s and 1970s represented a radical departure from the conservatism of the traditional medical model which stressed the biological and intrapsychic origins of mental illness. Community mental health ideology emphasized social, cultural, and environmental factors responsible for mental illness and its prevention. Community mental health downplayed the "cult" of the professional and played up the healing power inherent in the social fields and support structures a person is already embedded in. Emphasis was placed on professionals working collaboratively with and through community care takers in promoting social adjustment for a particular social environment. This article describes how community mental health ideology has been operationalized for over 33 years, serving functioning and dysfunctioning youth through developing their capacities to be care takers to each other and to younger community children in the form of a symbolic family. The impact of such relationships and the place of the "therapeutic community meeting" or "family circle" as vehicles of therapeutic leverage, are illustrated.
Empowering older people: beyond the care model
- Authors:
- THOMPSON Neil, THOMPSON Sue
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Work, 1(1), April 2001, pp.61-76.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article explores models and strategies for developing empowering forms of social work practice with older people. Social work with older people has strong roots in a predominantly medical model in which the primary objective is to ensure that care is provided. While social work with other client groups has made major steps forward in developing less medicalized approaches, the work undertaken with older people has seen far less progress. This article examines the differences between a care model and an empowerment model, identifies some of the barriers standing in the way of movement from one to the other and considers ways of responding to such barriers. The authors identify strategies for developing empowering forms of practice.
Judging the ethics of qualitative research: considering ethics as process model
- Authors:
- RAMCHARAN Paul, CUTCLIFFE John R.
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 9(6), November 2001, pp.358-366.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Decision-making about the ethics of qualitative research in problematic where the research design is emergent, and the balance between risks and benefits for research subjects are difficult to ascertain prior to study implementation. The discourses of health/medical research ethics and those of social research are shown to be divergent and where ethics committees tie themselves to the health/medical model of ethical decision making, qualitative research approaches can be disadvantaged. Having demonstrated the dual discourses and their relevance to qualitative research ethics, a critical review of current approaches to maximising the success of qualitative research proposals being considered for approval by ethics committees is undertaken. This leads to a call for system of monitoring qualitative research so that the 'benefit to risk' ration is always on the side of benefit. This has implications for the way in which ethics committees are organised and the ways in which they function.
Seniors' experiences of client-centered residential care
- Authors:
- EALES Jacquie, KEATING Norah, DAMSMA Annita
- Journal article citation:
- Ageing and Society, 21(3), May 2001, pp.279-296.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
The philosophy concerning long-term care for frail seniors has shifted from a provider-driven, medical model toward a more client-centered, social model. Reports on qualitative in-depth interviews conducted with residents of adult family living and assisted living programmes in western Canada to better understand the elements that residents themselves felt were integral to client-centred care. Three main themes emerged for the data analysis: the physical setting, people within the setting, and the community were important areas of expression of residents' values and preferences; the decision about where to live influenced whether the residential care environment was congruent with residents' values and preferences; contentment resulted when there was a good fit between preferences and experiences, reflecting the essence of residents' perspective of client-centred care. Concludes that choices among models of care, appropriates staffing levels and training, and recognition of family contributions may improve the practice of client-centred care.