Search results for ‘Subject term:"medical model"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 36
A sociological treatment exploring the medical model in relation to the neurodiversity movement with reference to policy and practice
- Authors:
- CASANOVA Emily L., WIDMAN Cheryl J.
- Journal article citation:
- Evidence and Policy, 17(2), 2021, pp.363-381.
- Publisher:
- Policy Press
Background: The Medical Model of disability focuses on diagnosed conditions. It is used in policy particularly to categorise people. This enables predictions and forecasting about the size of policy needs but tends to homogenise disability representations, assigning a negative evaluation to illness that may be irrespective of patho-anatomical correlates. The Social Model considers disability as imposed by society through attitudes and barriers. The Neurodiversity Model is a type of social and cultural model with biological implications; it states that differences in brain and behaviour lie on a non-pathological spectrum. Critics say this whitewashes lived experience. Policymakers may devalue the Neurodiversity Model’s origins within activist neurodiverse communities. The model that policy and practice decision makers use has fundamental effects on their impacts. Aims and objectives: The Medical and Neurodiversity Models are reviewed in reference to their politicisation as ways to characterise disability, and identity politics. The implications socially and for disability policy and practice and evidence use are considered. Key conclusions: Both models fall short in addressing the needs of the broad community of the disabled, yet both have useful features. We propose the Biological Gradient Model (BGM), which integrates scientific theory while avoiding pathology-based concepts and value-laden judgments concerning ‘deficiency’. Its usefulness is demonstrated; it resolves some of the ambiguity and tensions that exist in the way people with disability are viewed by different groups and treated within policy. It has the potential to reduce issues of partial representation, where the voices of those who cannot self-advocate may be less heard. (Edited publisher abstract)
Parents' conceptualization of adolescents' mental health problems: who adopts a psychiatric perspective and does it make a difference?
- Author:
- MOSES Tally
- Journal article citation:
- Community Mental Health Journal, 47(1), February 2011, pp.67-81.
- Publisher:
- Springer
A cross-sectional, mixed-method study of 70 parents of adolescents receiving wraparound mental health services was used to examine: (1) how parents conceptualize their child’s mental health problems; (2) factors related to parents’ conceptualization of youths’ problems using medical model terms; and (3) associations between parents’ problem conceptualization and their emotional or coping responses to their child having psychiatric problem(s). Content analysis indicated that 54.3% of parents definitively conceptualized adolescents’ problems using psychiatric terms, 37.1% reported uncertainty about the nature of their child’s problems, and 8.6% gave alternative, non-psychiatric explanations for their child’s problems. Significant relationships were found between parents’ problem conceptualization and their attitudes and experience with mental health treatment, demographics, as well as with adolescents’ clinical characteristics. Parents who conceptualized problems using psychiatric terminology were more likely to express sadness and pessimism relative to other parents, though there were no differences in expressions of worry, guilt, pragmatism and optimism by problem conceptualization.
The medical model is dead: long live the medical model
- Authors:
- SHAH Premal, MOUNTAIN Deborah
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 191(11), November 2007, pp.375-377.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Many people criticise, and psychiatrists apologise, for the use of the ‘medical model’. The authors examine what is currently meant by this term and suggest a refinement of definition to reflect the ideals and contemporary practice of medicine. They propose that psychiatrists should use the medical model to improve and validate bio-psychosocial psychiatric medicine.
‘What meaning does somebody's death have, what meaning does somebody's life have?’ Psychotherapists’ stories of their work with suicidal clients
- Authors:
- NICHOLL Elizabeth, LOWENTHAL Del, GAITANIDIS Anastasios
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 44(5), 2016, pp.598-611.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Working with suicidal clients is perceived to be demanding and anxiety provoking for psychotherapists. This investigation explores what it is like for psychotherapists who work with suicidal clients, particularly as within the prevailing culture there is an increasing focus on strategies aimed at suicide prevention. Five themes were identified through narrative analysis, with support systems such as supervision and peer support being seen as vital in surviving working with suicidal clients. However, there is also ambivalence about involving other professionals, such as mental health services, as there is a sense that to do so may be anti-therapeutic and unhelpful to the client. Overall, what emerges from this study is that it is important to challenge the prevailing culture in which a medical discourse is dominant, in order to find a different way of talking about suicide and despair. (Publisher abstract)
A sociological exploration of the tensions related to interprofessional collaboration in acute-care discharge planning
- Authors:
- GOLDMAN Joanne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interprofessional Care, 30(2), 2016, pp.217-225.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Patient discharge is a key concern in hospitals, particularly in acute care, given the multifaceted and challenging nature of patients’ healthcare needs. Policies on discharge have identified the importance of interprofessional collaboration, yet research has described its limitations in this clinical context. This study aimed to extend our understanding of interprofessional interactions related to discharge in a general internal medicine setting by using sociological theories to illuminate the existence of, and interplay between, structural factors and microlevel practices. An ethnographic approach was employed to obtain an in-depth insight into healthcare providers’ perspectives, behaviours, and interactions regarding discharge. Data collection involved observations, interviews, and document analysis. Approximately 65 hours of observations were undertaken, 23 interviews were conducted with healthcare providers, and government and hospital discharge documents were collected. Data were analysed using a directed content approach. The findings indicate the existence of a medically dominated division of healthcare labour in patient discharge with opportunities for some interprofessional negotiations; the role of organizational routines in facilitating and challenging interprofessional negotiations in patient discharge; and tensions in organizational priorities that impact an interprofessional approach to discharge. The findings provide insight into the various levels at which interventions can be targeted to improve interprofessional collaboration in discharge while recognizing the organizational tensions that challenge an interprofessional approach. (Publisher abstract)
Promoting help-seeking among adolescents and young adults through consideration of the adaptive functions of low mood: a pilot study
- Authors:
- JOYCE Andrew, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 13(4), November 2011, pp.30-35.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Improving young people’s knowledge of depression and other mental illnesses may encourage them to seek help and therefore reduce the risk of suicide behaviour. Typically, the information presented to young people about mental health disorders has been based on a medical model, with depression framed as an illness analogous to a physical illness. This pilot study aimed to examine whether framing depression on the basis of evolutionary explanations for mental illness would influence help-seeking behaviour relative to the standard illness explanation. Specifically, the aim was to test an information sheet that contained these evolutionary concepts against an information sheet that used the medical model approach. The participants were 54 young adults, average age 19 years, 5 months, and 32 school-aged participants with an average age of 15 years, 2 months. After viewing information sheets, the participants rated which one they preferred according to how likely it would be to encourage them or others to seek help if feeling depressed. The majority of young adults preferred the evolutionary explanation, with even support for the 2 approaches from the school-aged participants. The findings provide a basis for further consideration of messages conveyed to young people about mental health problems.
Beyond the medical-informational model: recasting the role of communication in tuberculosis control
- Author:
- WAISBORD Silvio
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 65(10), November 2007, pp.2130-2134.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Although communication has recently gained increased recognition in tuberculosis (TB) control programs, current thinking and practice remains boxed within the epistemological boundaries of the “bio-medical” model. The latter posits that information about transmission and care is crucial to promote early diagnosis and treatment. However, when populations confront a series of socio-cultural and structural barriers to access TB care, medical knowledge and awareness alone cannot effectively promote ideal practices. The article suggests that communication programs need to adopt a “social rationality” perspective based on nuanced understanding of community experience of TB. Suggestions are offered about how communication contributes to addressing challenges in TB control.
Cancer in the mass print media: fear, uncertainty and the medical model
- Authors:
- CLARKE Juanne N., EVEREST Michelle M.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Science and Medicine, 62(10), May 2006, pp.2591-2606.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Cancer is increasing in incidence and prevalence in North America and around the world. The mass print media play an important role in information provision about prevention, diagnosis and treatment of this disease, as well as informing health policy and personal experience. This paper reports on a content analysis of the portrayal of cancer in the highest circulating magazines available in Canada and published in Canada or the USA in 1991, 1996, 2001. It includes both manifest and latent analysis of the framing and content of cancer stories. Manifest analysis documented the dominance of the medical as compared to the lifestyle and political economy frames and the predominance of articles on breast as compared to other cancers. Latent themes included: an emphasis on fear of cancer in that: (1) cancer and fear are frequently conflated; cancer is said to grow outside of awareness; cancer is portrayed as (almost) inevitable; cancer is associated with normal experiences; early detection is associated with diagnosis; and scary statistics are emphasized; (2) contradictions and confusion exist within and between articles; and (3) metaphors of war and battle are used frequently. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the linking of fear with cancer in the context of medicine as the solution.
Place first, then train: An alternative to the medical model of psychiatric rehabilitation
- Authors:
- CORRIGAN Patrick W., McCRACKEN Stanley G.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work: A journal of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), 50(1), January 2005, pp.31-39.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
The medical model has promoted a train-place model for psychiatric rehabilitation which carefully trains people with psychiatric disabilities on a range of skills so they can handle real-world demands before placing them in work and independent living situations. More consistent with a social work perspective are place-train programmes, which rapidly place people with psychiatric disorders in real-world settings so they can experience the benefits as well as the challenges of these situations, and then provide the necessary training and support to successfully maintain these placements. This article compares the 2 models and shows that place-train approaches can help people with serious mental illness attain many of their work and housing goals without increasing the frequency of relapse.
Social workers’ perspectives on a medical home model for children and adolescents in out of home care – an interview study
- Authors:
- JOHANSSON Nina, FANGSTROM Karin, WARNER Georgina
- Journal article citation:
- BMC Health Services Research, 21(804), 2021, Online only
- Publisher:
- BioMed Central Ltd
Background: This study seeks to explore how social workers have perceived and experienced a medical home model for children and adolescents in out-of-home care in Uppsala County, Sweden. Method: A qualitative explorative study was conducted, which involved ten semi-structured individual telephone interviews with social workers. The study sample included employees within the social service, working in a specialised case unit who had experience of referring children and/or adolescents to the medical home model called Hälsofam. Data were analysed inductively using thematic analysis. Results: The findings of the current study indicated that working with Hälsofam has offered social workers a way into the health care sector and an active collaborative working situation, with focus on organised work across the ‘silos’ of care services. However, the findings raised the question of whether or not all children and adolescents have the same possibility to receive care from Hälsofam. Conclusion: The findings indicated that the Hälsofam model had a positive impact on the interrelations between the social service and the health care sector. Yet, findings showed that personal views of the social worker and the societal situation in which they operate create limitations for providing care for every child and adolescent. This study adds to the extant literature for it addresses the limitations within the work of children and adolescents in out-of-home care. (Edited publisher abstract)