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Suicidality risk among adult sexual minorities: results from a cross-sectional population-based survey
- Author:
- HANEY Jolynn L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 33(2), 2021, pp.250-271.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Suicide among sexual minority adults is a serious public health issue. Data from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (2015–2018) were analyzed to evaluate factors associated with past-year suicidality risk (thoughts, plans, or attempts) and self-reported sexual identity. Findings support previous research that sexual minority groups have a higher risk of suicidality compared to heterosexuals. Additionally, significant within-group gender differences were found for bisexuals with reported past-year suicide attempts. The risk ratio trajectory from suicidal ideation to suicidal attempt was the most striking for the gay and lesbian group compared to other populations. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Supporting LGBTQ+ children and young people at risk of child sexual exploitation: guidance for professionals
- Author:
- THE CHILDREN'S SOCIETY
- Publisher:
- The Children's Society
- Publication year:
- 2018
- Pagination:
- 30
- Place of publication:
- London
This practice guide explores issues for practitioners to consider when working with children and young people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, plus (LGBTQ+) at risk of, or experiencing child sexual exploitation. It explores reasons why children and young people who identify as LGBTQ+ may go undetected by professionals, the additional barriers they may face in reporting abuse and presents practical tips to improve identification, reporting and protection. The guide also provides references and links to useful resources and tools. It will be useful for professionals when working with children and young people, their families and communities and can be used to inform good practice in relation to child sexual exploitation. It has been has produced by The Children’s Society as part of the National CSAE Prevention Programme for England and Wales, in partnership with Victim Support and the National Police Chiefs’ Council (NPCC). (Edited publisher abstract)
Exploring the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning adolescents in foster care
- Authors:
- GALLEGOS Anne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 14(3), May 2011, pp.226-236.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Sexual identity is a core aspect of personal identity that has been shown to increase gay, lesbian, bisexual, and gender invariant adolescent’s risk of victimisation from adults. This study, based on the findings from a subset of gender identity and sexual orientation questions from The Casey Field Office Mental Health Study (CFOMH), aimed to contribute the experiences of young people in the care of Casey Family Programs to the increasing body of research on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, or questioning (LGBTQ) young people in foster care. The CFOMH study interviewed 188 young people aged 14 to 17 who were receiving foster care services from Casey Family Programs in 2006. The experiences in care of 10 young people who identified as LGBQ are presented in narrative form, along with data from all 188 young people in care regarding their perceptions of the foster care environment for LGBTQ youth. The authors suggest the need to conduct a larger, more in-depth study of the experiences of LGBTQ youth in the foster care environment.
Risk and protective factors to LGBTQ+ youth suicide: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- GORSE Michael, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 39(1), 2022, pp.17-28.
- Publisher:
- Springer
LGBTQ+ youth experience higher rates of suicidal ideation and behavior than their cisgender, heterosexual peers, and these disparities have created a need for academic exploration of the risk factors and protective factors surrounding LGBTQ+ youth suicide (Taliaferro and Muehlenkamp in Acad Pediatr 17:715-722; Toomey et al. in J Youth Adolesc 48:788-801; Ybarra et al. in: Espelage et al. (eds) Youth suicide and bullying: challenges and strategies for prevention and intervention, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014). This paper reviews the research that has been completed on these topics in the last 10 years. A variety of risk factors have contributed to higher rates of suicidal ideation, attempts, and completion: minority stress, interpersonal constructs, race, transgender identity, partner violence, homelessness, school victimization, and a lack of school support (Joiner in Why people die by suicide, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, 2005; Meyer in Psychol Bull 129:674–697; Mustanski and Liu in Arch Sex Behav 42:437-448; Van Orden et al. in Psychol Rev 117:575-600). Furthermore, a range of protective factors have been connected with lower rates of suicidal ideation and behavior: gender and sexuality alliances, LGBTQ+ inclusive curriculum, LGBTQ+ affirming school policies, familial support, peer support, and mental health interventions (Poteat and Rivers in Youth suicide and bullying: challenges and strategies for prevention and intervention, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2014; Stone et al. in Suicide Life Threat Behav 45:415-430; Whitaker et al. in J Adolesc Health 58:63-68). Areas for future research are recommended, including examining diverse LGBTQ+ subpopulations and developing standard measurements for LGBTQ+ identities. The paper concludes with highlights from the past 10 years of research. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social networks and sexual risk factor differences between cisgender heterosexual and cisgender LGBQ homeless youths
- Authors:
- KATTARI Shanna K., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 29(2), 2017, pp.182-200.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Cisgender lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning (LGBQ) homeless youths are more likely to engage in sexual risk behaviours relative to cisgender heterosexual homeless youths. Homeless youths (N = 1,046) were recruited and surveyed from three drop-in centers in Los Angeles, California. This study assessed differences in demographics, background experiences, and perceived social network norms in order to understand the disparities in rates of unprotected sex and concurrent sex between these two subgroups. Results indicate significant differences in engagement in risk factors as well as social network norms. Findings provide support for tailored sexual risk-reduction interventions that cater specifically to LGBQ homeless youths. (Edited publisher abstract)
Disproportionate exposure to early-life adversity and sexual orientation disparities in psychiatric morbidity
- Authors:
- MCLAUGHLIN Katie A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Abuse and Neglect, 36(9), 2012, pp.645-655.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations exhibit higher rates of psychiatric disorders compared to heterosexuals. This study investigated the role of exposure to early-life victimisation and adversity in explaining sexual orientation disparities in mental health among young people. Data were drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (2001–2002) a nationally representative survey. Participants included 227 gay/lesbian, 245 bisexual, and 13,490 heterosexual young people, aged 18 to 27. The study examined differences in the prevalence of exposure to child physical or sexual abuse and physical and sexual intimate partner violence according to sexual orientation. Findings indicated that gay/lesbian and bisexual respondents had higher levels of psychopathology than heterosexuals across all outcomes. Gay/lesbian respondents had higher odds of exposure to child abuse, and bisexual respondents had higher odds of exposure to child abuse and intimate partner violence than heterosexuals. Exposure to victimisation and adversity in childhood significantly mediated the association of both gay/lesbian and bisexual orientation with depressive symptoms, tobacco use, and alcohol abuse. The authors concluded that exposure to victimisation in early-life relationships explained, in part, sexual orientation disparities in a wide range of mental health and substance use outcomes.
Queer youth space: a protective factor for sexual minority youth
- Author:
- ASAKURA Kenta
- Journal article citation:
- Smith College Studies in Social Work, 80(4), 2011, pp.361-376.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Physical and psychological risk factors and the social vulnerabilities of sexual minority youth are well documented in current literature. However, factors that protect this population from these risks remain relatively unknown. In this article, the literature on the risk and protective factors pertinent to sexual minority youths is reviewed, followed by a review of Queer Youth Space – collectively sexual minority youth focused agencies, programmes, and community/school based group settings. The review uncovered a sense of safety, meaningful relationships with others, and positive identity development as protective factors, and social support programmes focusing on sexual minority youth as a positive impact. The author explores Queer Youth Space as a programme that should include theories of attachment, self-psychology, and social identity. Implications practice and research are discussed.
Off the radar?
- Author:
- O'LOAN Sara
- Journal article citation:
- Children in Scotland, 86, August 2008, pp.16-17.
- Publisher:
- Children in Scotland
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
The needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) young people are not adequately addresssed by current child protection policy and practice. This article briefly reports on findings from research which included managers, supervisors and practitioners from youth work, education, police, health and social work alongside LGBT young people themselves as participants. It views child protection policy as the need to ensure the health, happiness, wellbeing and safety of every child and young person.
Lesbian, gay and bisexual homeless youth: an eight-city public health perspective
- Authors:
- van LEEUWEN James M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Child Welfare Journal, 85(2), March 2006, pp.151-170.
- Publisher:
- Child Welfare League of America
This article reports on results of a one-day public health survey conducted in six states by homeless youth providers to measure and compare risk factors between lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) homeless youth. This article intends to inform the child welfare field on existing gaps in services and areas where more training and technical support is necessary in providing services to LGB youth. The findings point to substantial differences within the homeless youth sample and demonstrate that in addition to the public health risks young people face merely by being homeless, the risks are exacerbated for those who self-identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual. This article informs child welfare providers and policy makers about the substantial vulnerability of LGB youth beyond that of non-LGB homeless youth and the need to fund programming, training, technical assistance and further research to specifically respond to the complex needs of this population.
Measuring suicidal behavior and risk in children and adolescents
- Author:
- GOLDSTON David B.
- Publisher:
- American Psychological Association
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 303p.
- Place of publication:
- Washington, DC
This work offers practitioners and researchers practical information on a wide range of instruments used to evaluate suicidal behaviours in children and adolescents. Tthe author describes conceptual, definitional and psychometric issues important in evaluating and comparing various assessment instruments and then focuses on available instruments that can be used for screening purposes or as adjuncts in detecting, describing or estimating the risk of suicidal behaviour. Among the types of instruments reviewed are psychiatric diagnostic interviews, self-report inventories and survey screening items developed for several specific populations such as Native American youths, runaway and homeless youths and gay, lesbian and bisexual youths. The author also discusses clinical considerations in the choice of instruments and has included recommendations for future research in this area as well as a set of decision rules to help readers choose their instruments that meet their specific needs.