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Anti-gay “honor” abuse: a multinational attitudinal study of collectivist- versus individualist-orientated populations in Asia and England
- Authors:
- LOWE Michelle, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(15-16), 2021, pp.7866-7885.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Cultural collectivism, a core feature of honor cultures, is associated with the acceptance of aggression if it is used in the name of so-called “honor.” Currently overlooked in the research literature, this study explored perceptions of antigay “honor” abuse in collectivist-orientated honor cultures, where homosexuality, in particular, is considered to be dishonorable. To conduct exploratory and comparative analysis, this study recruited 922 students in four Asian countries (India, Iran, Malaysia, and Pakistan), as well as Asian British and White British students in England. All participants read a brief vignette depicting a man whose relatives verbally abuse him and threaten him with life-threatening violence, after suspecting that he is gay and has joined an online dating website to meet men. Participants then completed a short questionnaire that assessed the extent to which they thought the man’s actions had damaged his family’s honor and their approval of the antigay “honor” abuse depicted in the scenario. Broadly in line with predictions, data analyses revealed attitudes more supportive of antigay “honor” abuse in all five collectivist-orientated populations than the sample of individualistic-orientated counterparts in England. Notably, however, a series of one-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs) demonstrated that these results varied depending on country of residence, gender, religious denomination, educational status, and age. The findings show that individual and demographic differences influence perceptions toward homophobic “honor” abuse in collectivist cultures. These differences are useful indices of the psychosocial factors that underpin hostile attitudes toward gay males in cultures where homosexuality is denounced. (Edited publisher abstract)
Sexuality and religion: from the court of appeal to the social work classroom
- Authors:
- MASON Karl, COCKER Christine, HAFFORD-LETCHFIELD Trish
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Education (The International Journal), 41(1), 2022, pp.77-89.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
This paper critically reviews the case of a social work student whose professional training was terminated by his University. This followed the student’s expression of his religious views about homosexuality on a public social media platform. The student sought a judicial review of this decision on human rights grounds. The High Court dismissed the student’s challenge but the Court of Appeal overturned this decision to dismiss on the grounds of proportionality and referred the student back to the University to determine further action. This case is discussed in the context of the complicated positions taken up during the process leading to this legal Judgment, as they have implications for curriculum and pedagogical strategies, fitness to practice processes, and the experience of LGBTQ+ students. The discussion considers how, in light of this Judgment, social work educators can continue to address sexuality as a social justice issue. Critical and queer perspectives can support transformative learning where binary thinking about sexuality and religion is challenged and students can appreciate the impact of their values on others. Recommendations are made for addressing disparities in how sexuality, sexual, and gender diversity are addressed in professional education.
“My church teaches homosexuality is a sin” religious teachings, personal religious beliefs, and MSW Students’ attitudes toward sexual minorities
- Authors:
- WOODFORD Michael R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Social Work, 40(2), 2021, pp.216-235.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Religious social work students often report less-affirming LGB attitudes, which is often attributed to anti-LGB religious teachings. Yet research often overlooks one’s beliefs about their denomination’s LGB teachings. We examine the association between MSW students’ LGB attitudes, syncretism between religious teachings that “homosexuality is a sin” and students’ beliefs about these teachings, and the influence of religiosity on syncretism. Results suggest that personal views about one’s denomination’s teachings matter, representing a point for educational intervention. Findings highlight the importance of creating opportunities for students belonging to anti-LGB denominations to reflect critically on religious teachings as part of their education. (Edited publisher abstract)
Social work students’ experiences in a Christianity and sexual minority intergroup dialogue
- Authors:
- JOSLIN Jessica Y., DESSEL Adrienne B., WOODFORD Michael R.
- Journal article citation:
- Social Work Education (The International Journal), 35(5), 2016, pp.547-559.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A tension between the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) and (heterosexual) conservative Christian communities has been documented within social work. This qualitative study explores students’ experiences in a Christianity and LGB sexuality intergroup dialogue at an American graduate social work programme. This dialogue was the first known case of intergroup dialogue being used to address these topics in a social work programme. Students’ motivations for participating in the dialogue, challenges faced throughout the dialogue, and what they learned are discussed. Pedagogical implications for schools of social work and intergroup dialogue are outlined. (Edited publisher abstract)
The gay cure?
- Author:
- DANIEL John
- Journal article citation:
- Therapy Today, 20(8), October 2009, pp.10-14.
- Publisher:
- British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy
This commentary responds to a survey published in 2009 by Professor King and colleagues from University College London which found that as many as one in six therapists had helped at least one client try to alter their feelings about same sex attraction. It considers historical “treatments” and the lack of evidence for their efficacy compared to the actual evidence of their harm. It seems that the majority of therapists had good intentions, justifying their action as a response to the client’s distress about their homosexuality. However King disagrees, believing that it is impossible to help change and the preferred route is to explore where the pressure comes from; he argues that there is often a religious source. King does not discount the possibility of change in sexual behaviour over time but thinks this is adaptation and not a fundamental change. Proponents of “gay conversion” therapies suggest that they offer choice to unhappy individuals and King’s critics say there is no evidence that gay affirmative therapy works. He believes this is missing the point. King emphasises that it is not about helping someone to be gay, it just means therapy that is knowledgeable about and respects gay issues; it is not the opposite of reparative therapy.
(Re)placing multiculturalism in counselling and psychotherapy
- Author:
- MOODLEY Roy
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 35(1), February 2007, pp.1-22.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Since multiculturalism is not fully theorised it has created much confusion in counselling and psychotherapy. It has been criticised for ignoring questions of power relations, and for emphasising the cultural differences of ethnic minority groups rather than focus on their similar predicaments of racism, sexism, misogyny, homophobia and economic oppression. Furthermore, it has not provided clinically useful information within which therapists can conduct assessments and diagnosis, understand clients' subjective distress and cure seeking expectations. This paper explores this issue by highlighting the magical (non)sense of multiculturalism and its racialised forms, and argues that multiculturalism is untenable if it restricts itself to a few marginalised ethno-cultural client groups, rejects gays and lesbians, patronises indigenous forms of healing, and maintains a fixed racialised 'black-white' paradigm of practice. It suggests that a point of departure for multiculturalism from an ethno-culturalism-centred philosophy to one that is pluralistic and reflexive of the needs of all clients (irrespective of ethnicised, racialised, gendered, and sexualised subjective identities) is critical if it is to be useful psychologically. To arrive at this critical juncture, multiculturalism would need to be (re)placed, not disavowed but re-centred in the practice of counselling and psychotherapy to embrace diversity and difference across and beyond the current categories that constitute itself. Replacing multiculturalism in a 'third space', an 'in-between space' - a critical multicultural space - where dominant hegemonic cultural meanings could be reinscribed and where racism, sexism, misogyny, homophobia and other 'representations of patriarchal terror' could be critically interrogated to empower marginalised voices. The paper explores three strategies for creating a 'third space' in multicultural counselling and psychotherapy: the inclusion of white people as clients; the converging of race, gender, sexual orientation, class and disability issues; and the integration of indigenous and traditional healing practices. Bringing it all together under the umbrella of diversity or critical multiculturalism will ensure an ethical and clinical practice commensurate with our current understanding of the complexity and sophistication within which clients construct their subjectivity.
Hate crime, England and Wales, 2015/16
- Authors:
- CORCORAN Hannah, SMITH Kevin
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Home Office
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 30
- Place of publication:
- London
Statistical information on the number of hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales from April 2015 to March 2016. The bulletin covers the extent and trends in hate crime for all police forces. It also includes additional analysis based upon more detailed data supplied by 24 police forces on the types of offences associated with hate crime. It covers the five centrally monitored strands of hate crime: race or ethnicity; religion or beliefs; sexual orientation; disability; and transgender identity. It also includes information on racist incidents in England and Wales recorded by the police from April 2015 to March 2016. The figures show there were 62,518 hate crimes recorded by the police in England and Wales in 2015/16, an increase of 19 per cent compared with 2014/15. There were also increases in all five of the centrally monitored strands between 2014/15 and 2015/16. (Edited publisher abstract)
Do people perceive juvenile sex offenders who are gay and Christian as hypocrites? the effects of shared and dual identity defendants
- Authors:
- ALTHOLZ Rachel, SALERNO Jessica
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Aggression Conflict and Peace Research, 8(4), 2016, pp.226-237.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to investigate how a criminal offender’s dual social identity affects judgments. Drawing from similarity-leniency and black sheep theories, the authors tested and discuss whether these effects could be explained by legal decision makers’ perceptions of hypocrisy or shared identity with the defendant. Design/methodology/approach:The authors recruited 256 Christian and non-Christian adults to read a vignette about a juvenile sex offender who was either Christian or non-Christian, and heterosexual or gay. The authors measured participants’ punitiveness toward the offender. Findings: Results revealed that legal decision makers were more punitive when they were Christian compared to non-Christian, and the defendant was gay compared to heterosexual. Further, legal decision makers perceived themselves as more similar to the defendant when they were non-Christian compared to Christian, and the defendant was heterosexual compared to gay. Finally, only when the defendant was Christian, legal decision makers perceived him as more hypocritical when he was gay compared to heterosexual. Originality/value: This is the first study to investigate whether gay defendants might be particularly discriminated against if they are also Christian. It is also the first to test the black sheep and similarity-leniency theories in the legal context of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and Christian defendants. (Publisher abstract)
Prevalence of dementia in population groups by protected characteristics: a systematic review of the literature
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND
- Publisher:
- Public Health England
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 46
- Place of publication:
- London
This review examines how common dementia is and how much it varies between groups with the following characteristics: socio-economic position, race or ethnic group, religion, gender, sexual orientation and disability. Using standard methods for reviewing literature, it considered scientific papers and those published by voluntary sector organisations. Dementia was more common in people from African-American, black-Caribbean or Hispanic background. There was no information published on people from south-east Asian backgrounds. It is also more common in women. There was no information to help understand if religion or sexual orientation changed the prevalence of dementia. Learning disability and lower socio-economic position both increased the prevalence. Risk factors known to increase dementia (diabetes, stroke and depression) also increase dementia in groups with increased prevalence, and education remains protective against dementia. (Edited publisher abstract)
A social ecology of bias-based bullying of sexual and gender minority youth: toward a conceptualization of conversion bullying
- Authors:
- NEWMAN Peter A., FANTUS Sophia
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 27(1), 2015, pp.46-63.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Homophobic bullying is pervasive and deleterious, and a source of extensive health and mental health disparities affecting sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY). Investigations conducted over the past two decades across the social ecology of SGMY indicate individual (e.g., gender), microsystem (e.g., schools), and exosystem level (e.g., community norms) factors associated with homophobic bullying. Emerging evidence at the macrosystem level demonstrates the powerful influence of laws, policies, and ideologies on the population health of sexual minority adults. Based on social ecological theory and emerging evidence at the macrosystem level, the authors advance a conceptualisation of the religious social ecology of homophobic bullying and articulate the construct of conversion bullying, a form of bias-based bullying that may be unique to SGMY. Conversion bullying is manifested in the invocation of religious rhetoric and rationalisations in repeated acts of peer aggression against SGMY that cause harm, based on the premise that same-sex attractions and behaviours are immoral or unnatural and with implicit or explicit communication that one should change one's sexuality to conform to heteronormative ideals. The authors describe implications of conversion bullying for social work practice, education, social policy, and research. (Edited publisher abstract)