Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Rapid evidence review: social network and mate crime
- Authors:
- O'BRIEN Esther, PIKE Lindsey
- Publisher:
- Research in Practice for Adults
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 4
- Place of publication:
- Darlington
This rapid evidence review looks at the importance of social networks to people with a learning disability, and explores the possible benefits and disadvantages of a larger social network for this group. The review highlights some examples of projects that have worked with people with learning disabilities to increase awareness of the risks, as well as facilitating new friendships. (Edited publisher abstract)
Prevalence and psychological sequelae of sexual abuse among individuals with an intellectual disability: a review of the recent literature
- Author:
- BYRNE Gary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 22(3), 2018, pp.294-310.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
The impact of sexual abuse among those with an intellectual disability is an area in need of further research. The current article provides an in-depth narrative review of the sexual abuse literature relevant to individuals with an intellectual disability. The 29 articles included in this study focused on (a) the prevalence of sexual abuse, (b) the risk factors associated with this population, and (c) the psychological impact of abuse. The findings confirmed that children and adults with an intellectual disability are at a higher risk of sexual abuse than nondisabled peers. Research regarding risk factors is equivocal, with a range of possible factors indicated. Similarly, evidence suggests that there is no single diagnostic trajectory when dealing with the sequelae of sexual abuse among those with an intellectual disability. The article concludes by discussing recommendations for future research and development of policy around this area. (Publisher abstract)
England’s most disadvantaged groups: people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- EQUALITY AND HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION
- Publisher:
- Equality and Human Rights Commission
- Publication year:
- 2016
- Pagination:
- 11
- Place of publication:
- London
This spotlight report focusses on the experiences of people with learning disabilities, drawing on the findings from Is England Fairer? (Equality and Human Rights Commission, 2016). It examines the experiences of people with learning disabilities in relation to education, work, health and care, and prisons. There is increased recognition of the disadvantages that people with learning disabilities face. However, change has been slow and many people with learning disabilities are still ‘cared for’ rather than ‘supported with’. The result is that many learning disabled people are still excluded and continue to face inequality in every aspect of their lives. The report indicates that a greater number of learning disabled people are currently in higher education than in previous years. However, six months after qualifying, leavers with a specific learning disability were less likely to be in full-time work. People with learning disabilities have also considerably poorer health than the general population and they are not correctly identified and supported by the criminal justice system. (Edited publisher abstract)
The early identification of vulnerable witnesses prior to an investigative interview
- Authors:
- O'MAHONY Brendan M., SMITH Kevin, MILNE Becky
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Forensic Practice, 13(2), May 2011, pp.114-123.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The purpose of this review and discussion paper is to examine how Registered Intermediaries are used in England and Wales to facilitate communication between vulnerable witnesses or victims (those with an intellectual disability or mental illness) and police investigators or criminal courts. The paper focuses on the need for early identification of these people so that support measures can be put in place from the outset to assist them to provide their testimony. The authors note that real progress has been made through the introduction of legislation, specifically the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act (1999), and the uptake by the police service of the subsequent special measures put in place. However, they warn that the criminal justice service cannot afford to be complacent as research demonstrates that the police and the courts need to be more effective in managing these issues. The paper concludes with recommendations. It is noted that the vulnerable witnesses are also interviewed by other agencies and best practice from policing should be shared, for example with the Independent Police Complaints Commission, HM Customs and Revenue, the Department of Health and the Department of Work and Pensions.
Interviewing adults with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- GUDJONSSON Gisli H., JOYCE Theresa
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 5(2), March 2011, pp.16-21.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
People with intellectual disabilities are recognised as being at a disadvantage when coming into contact with the criminal justice system as victims, witnesses or suspects. Their disadvantage relates to all components of the criminal justice system, but the focus in this paper is on police interviews and the capacity of adults with intellectual disabilities to give evidence in Court. The aim of the paper is to consider the research evidence on the relevant vulnerabilities and most effective ways of interviewing people with intellectual disabilities, and to outline some practical guidance on how those working with people with intellectual disabilities can ensure that they enable them to give an account of the difficulties they may be experiencing. Research into the types of vulnerability seen by people interviewed by police have focused on interviewees' understanding of the Oath and their legal rights, suggestibility, acquiescence, compliance and perceptions of the consequences of making self-incriminating admissions. The essential components of any interview and testifying in court require that the person can communicate effectively and give reliable answers and accounts of events. Research into police interviews has highlighted the importance of taking into account the interviewee's vulnerabilities and providing appropriate support. The research suggests a need for a more humane approach to interviews and legal reforms to protect vulnerable people testifying in Court.
Targeted violence, harassment and abuse against people with learning disabilities in Great Britain
- Author:
- SIN Chih Hoong
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 15(1), January 2010, pp.17-27.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The fear and experience of violence, harassment and abuse of those with learning disabilities are significant barriers to full social inclusion. The patchy evidence base and the confusing, and sometimes contradictory, array of policy and legislative instruments hamper efforts to tackle the issues. This article draws on the findings from a review of literature looking into disabled people's experiences of targeted violence, harassment and abuse. The review found that people with learning disabilities and mental health conditions are at higher risk, and experience greater levels, of violence, harassment and abuse, not only than non-disabled people but also than other disabled people. Situational vulnerabilities mean that the probability and experience of violence, harassment and abuse are due not simply to any inherent characteristics of those with learning disabilities. Under-reporting and lack of appropriate response and support from criminal justice agencies compromise access to justice. People with learning disabilities are also found to have a propensity to report to third parties instead of to criminal justice agencies. However, the evidence points to lack of joined-up working in various agencies, which hampers efforts at redress. There are particular concerns over a vacuum of responsibility as a result of confusion about the No Secrets guidance.
Achievement in non-accredited learning for adults with learning difficulties: report of the scoping study
- Authors:
- MAUDSLAY Liz, NIGHTINGALE Christine
- Publisher:
- National Institute of Adult Continuing Education
- Publication year:
- 2004
- Pagination:
- 48p.
- Place of publication:
- Leicester
This publication focuses on the recognition of progress made by adults with learning difficulties in non-accredited areas of learning. It contributes to the development projects on Recognising and Recording Progress and Achievement (RARPA) in Non-accredited Learning, led by the National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (NIACE) and the Learning and Skills Development Agency (LSDA) and funded by the Learning and Skills Council (LSC). This publication is the result of an investigation by NIACE into the issues for both providers and learners with learning difficulties in recognising and recording achievements. It identifies issues through a literature review as well as a survey of post-age-16 learning providers. It investigates the curriculum design of learning programmes available to learners with learning difficulties; the learners' needs and expectations; identification of learning objectives which meet the outcomes of the programme, the group and the individual learner; formative assessment processes; and the recognition of student progress and achievement. The study indicates the dedication of many learning providers in attempting to recognise and record the progress and achievements of students with learning difficulties, but highlights that increased understanding of the situation is necessary, as a collaborative institutional and sectoral response to the issues outlined in this publication is still required.
The identification of environments and cultures that promote the abuse of people with intellectual disabilities: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- WHITE Caroline, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 16(1), March 2003, pp.1-9.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Examines the literature regarding abuse within long-stay hospitals and community-based residences for people with intellectual disabilities. It is argued that much current thinking attributes abuse to individual deviancy and culpability; however, a greater recognition of the range of causes of abuse and the circumstances in which abuse flourishes is required in order to develop a full understanding of preventative strategies. This review is concerned with the significance of environments and cultures in increasing vulnerability to abuse.
The nature of gambling-related harms for adults at risk: a review
- Authors:
- BRAMLEY Stephanie, NORRIE Caroline, MANTHORPE Jill
- Publisher:
- King's College London. Social Care Workforce Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 64
- Place of publication:
- London
This scoping review looks at the prevalence of gambling-related harm affecting people described as adults at risk, including people with dementia, people with mental health problems, people with learning disabilities and other cognitive impairments. The review includes literature on the risks from regulated gambling; the risk of harm from scams and fake lotteries; and where gambling is cited as explanation among perpetrators for causing neglect or abuse to vulnerable adults. The first section sets the context for the review, and looks at the prevalence of problem gambling, defining gambling related harm and the challenges of protecting vulnerable people from harm while allowing gambling to take place in local communities. The second section presents the review methodology and key findings. The review focuses on four areas to examine extent to which gambling is a safeguarding issue for those working in social care and for local authority adult services: the evidence of gambling participation among adults at risk; the impact of gambling participation for adults at risk; evidence that perpetrators of abuse against adults at risk are committing these acts or crimes to fund gambling addictions; and how social work and adult safeguarding teams manage gambling related harm. (Edited publisher abstract)
Integration of recent reviews on offenders with intellectual disabilities
- Author:
- LINDSAY William R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(2), 2002, pp.111-119.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reviews 11 articles covering aspects of offenders and offending. The reviews highlights the following issues: epidemiology of offending and offenders; vulnerability; remedial and preventative intervention; and assessment of the offence. Issues of the importance of families and carers, female offenders, recidivism/outcome and research were also mentioned.