Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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The psychiatry of intellectual disability
- Editors:
- ROY Ashok, ROY Meerna, CLARKE David, (eds)
- Publisher:
- Radcliffe
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 196p.
- Place of publication:
- Abingdon
This book describes common clinical conditions, and offers practical treatment approaches. It clarifies a complex area of need by examining both intellectual disabilities, and associated social and economic disadvantages. It also gives an overview of the scope and role of the psychiatrist in the field with a focus on team-work and integrated service provision. Extensive use of tables and figures is made to illustrate points. Professionals working with the intellectually disabled in health and social care will find this book invaluable, as will practicing psychiatrists and psychiatrists in training.
Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults with intellectual disability: a review
- Authors:
- REILLY Colin, HOLLAND Niamh
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(4), July 2011, pp.291-309.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reviews attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as it has been studied in individuals with intellectual disability. Despite a reported excess of ADHD symptoms in individuals with intellectual disability, it has been argued that ADHD symptoms have been under diagnosed and inadequately treated in individuals with intellectual disability. The use of diagnostic criteria for ADHD from international classification systems is discussed with reference to the applicability of these systems to individuals with intellectual disability. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and correlates of ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability are examined with reference to published studies. The findings show that the reported prevalence rates of ADHD symptoms in individuals with intellectual disability vary significantly depending on instruments and diagnostic practices employed. Published studies evaluating interventions for individuals with ADHD and intellectual disability are also reviewed. These are found to primarily focus on pharmacological interventions. The article concludes that much less is known about ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability than about ADHD in individuals without intellectual disability. There is therefore a need to clarify baseline rates of ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability and to develop interventions to support affected individuals and their families.
Delirium and learning disability: case series and literature review
- Authors:
- van WAARDE Jeroen A., van der MAST Rose C.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 32(3), September 2004, pp.123-127.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Although predisposing and facilitating factors for delirium are common in learning disabled patients, little is known about its occurrence. Presents 3 case reports and results of a manual and computer (Medline, Embase Psychiatry) search. Only 2 case reports were found, and added to the 3. Ages were 16, 17, 51, 55 and 78. Delirium was associated with eye surgery, anticholinergic overdose, urinary infection, Alzheimer's disease and pulmonary infection respectively. All had predisposing factors. The literature is scarce, possibly because diagnosis is often missed. Delirium is very distressing and raises morbidity and mortality. However, it is treatable, so more attention should be given to diagnosis and treatment, especially in vulnerable patients. A practice guideline assessment and treatment is given.
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: current therapy
- Author:
- MARTEL Larry
- Journal article citation:
- Child Care in Practice, 6(4), October 2000, pp.334-348.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Looks at Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and outlines current therapeutic interventions.
ADHD: understanding children's needs
- Author:
- KEWLEY Geoffrey
- Journal article citation:
- Young Minds Magazine, 41, July 1999, pp.17-20.
- Publisher:
- YoungMinds
Suggests that myth, prejudice and a poor understanding of the true nature of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, means many children in the UK are not getting the treatment and support they need.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - a review
- Authors:
- WILLIAMS Christine, WRIGHT Barry, PARTRIDGE Ian
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of General Practice, 49(444), July 1999, pp.563-571.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of General Practitioners
This review aims to present research findings that inform the debate around attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It deals with symptomology, aetiology, and prevalence, with assessment for diagnosis, management and outcome. The importance of comprehensive management taking into consideration not just attention abilities but a range of other factors that have an impact upon them is stressed. Argues that management should be pragmatic, multifaceted, and based around the establishment of good working relationships with school and family.
The multi-modal diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
- Authors:
- DETWEILER Robert E., HICKS Andrew P., HICKS Mack R.
- Journal article citation:
- Therapeutic Care and Education, 4(2), Summer 1995, pp.4-9.
- Publisher:
- Association of Workers for Maladjusted Children
Demonstrate that paper diagnosis and treatment of ADHD must involve a multi-disciplined team of professionals. They also show how such a system work at Centre Academy in London.
Psychiatric diagnoses in relation to severity of intellectual disability and challenging behaviors: a register study among older people
- Authors:
- AXMON A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 22(10), 2018, pp.1344-1350.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Objective: To investigate the possible association between severity of intellectual disability (ID) and presence of challenging behaviour, respectively, on diagnoses of psychiatric disorders among older people with ID. Methods: People with a diagnosis of ID in inpatient or specialist outpatient care in 2002–2012 were identified (n = 2147; 611 with mild ID, 285 with moderate ID, 255 with severe or profound ID, and 996 with other/unspecified ID). Moreover, using impairment of behaviour as a proxy for challenging behaviour, 627 people with, and 1514 without such behaviour were identified. Results: Severe/profound ID was associated with lower odds of diagnoses of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders than was mild/moderate ID. People with moderate ID had higher odds than those with mild ID of having diagnoses of affective disorders. Diagnoses of psychotic, affective, and anxiety disorders, and dementia were more common among people with challenging behaviour than among those without. Conclusions: People with severe/profound ID had lower odds of receiving psychiatric diagnoses than those with mild and moderate ID. Whether this is a result of differences in prevalence of disorders or diagnostic difficulties is unknown. Further, challenging behaviours were associated with diagnoses of psychiatric disorders. However, the nature of this association remains unclear. (Edited publisher abstract)
Quality of diagnosis and treatment plans after using the ‘diagnostic guideline for anxiety and challenging behaviours’ in people with intellectual disabilities: a comparative multiple case study design
- Authors:
- PRUIJSSERS Addy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(4), 2016, pp.305-316.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: People with intellectual disabilities often have a multitude of concurrent problems due to the combination of cognitive impairments, psychiatric disorders (particularly anxiety) and related challenging behaviours. Diagnoses in people with intellectual disabilities are complicated. This study evaluates the quality of the diagnoses and treatment plans after using a guideline that was developed to support professionals in their diagnostic tasks. Materials and Methods: A comparative multiple case study with an experimental and control condition, applying deductive analyses of diagnoses and treatment plans. Results: The analyses revealed that the number of diagnostic statements and planned treatment actions in the experimental group was significantly larger and more differentiated than in the control condition. In the control group, consequential harm and protective factors were hardly mentioned in diagnoses and treatment plans. Conclusions: Working with the ‘Diagnostic Guideline for Anxiety and CB’ leads to improved diagnoses and treatment plans compared with care as usual. (Publisher abstract)
Dementia and people with intellectual disabilities: guidance on the assessment, diagnosis, interventions and support of people with intellectual disabilities who develop dementia
- Authors:
- BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ROYAL COLLEGE OF PSYCHIATRISTS
- Publisher:
- British Psychological Society
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 146
- Place of publication:
- Leicester
Guidance for professionals working in clinical and social care services to help improve the quality of life of people with intellectual disabilities who develop dementia, focusing on assessment, diagnosis, interventions and support. The guidance is aimed at clinicians in intellectual disabilities and older peoples’ mental health services and services for younger people with dementia. It is a revision to the original joint British Psychological Society and the Royal College of Psychiatrists (2009) guidance on dementia and people with intellectual disabilities and has been updated using both the current research literature and the experience of senior clinicians working in the field. The guidance covers the following key topics: epidemiology; baseline assessment and monitoring; possible reasons for apparent decline in functioning; clinical presentation of dementia; assessment; establishing the diagnosis and breaking the news; additional health co-morbidities associated with dementia; conceptual understanding of the dementia process; philosophy of care; environments; meeting changing needs/interventions; medication; safe eating and drinking; palliative care and end of life issues; capable commissioning for people with intellectual disabilities and dementia; capable support; and outcomes. (Edited publisher abstract)