Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 5 of 5
Does the adapted sex offender treatment programme reduce cognitive distortions? A meta-analysis
- Author:
- PATTERSON Chris
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 9(1), 2018, pp.9-21.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: For the 3.8 per cent of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) who have offended sexually, the main form of treatment is the group-based, cognitive-behavioural, adapted sex offender treatment programme (ASOTP) that focusses on challenging cognitive distortions condoning sex offending. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation of how effective the ASOTP is at reducing ID sex offenders’ cognitive distortions. Design/methodology/approach: Three databases were searched systematically: PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding 118 participants. Using a random-effects model, effect sizes were calculated using pre- and post-treatment scores on a measure of cognitive distortions. The standardised mean difference (SMD) was 1.77 (95 per cent CI: 1.06, 2.46), which was statistically significant (p<0.001) and “large”. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this SMD was robust, and a check for publication bias revealed that it was unlikely that the “file drawer problem” confounded the meta-analysis. Findings: These results indicated that the ASOTP can significantly reduce ID sex offenders’ cognitive distortions, regardless of treatment length, IQ level, language abilities, or offence type. Consistent with earlier reports, longer treatment resulted in the greatest reductions: the optimum treatment length was 24 months. Research limitations/implications: The ASOTP’s current evidence is comprised wholly of case and quasi-experimental studies, none of which employed control groups. This paper highlights how there is a dire need for high-quality experimental evaluation of the ASOTP. Practical implications: Clinicians are advised to continue using the ASOTP as the main treatment for ID sex offenders until the effectiveness of the ASOTP is further examined using randomised controlled trials. Originality/value: This is the first meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of the ASOTP. (Edited publisher abstract)
Quality of diagnosis and treatment plans after using the ‘diagnostic guideline for anxiety and challenging behaviours’ in people with intellectual disabilities: a comparative multiple case study design
- Authors:
- PRUIJSSERS Addy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(4), 2016, pp.305-316.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: People with intellectual disabilities often have a multitude of concurrent problems due to the combination of cognitive impairments, psychiatric disorders (particularly anxiety) and related challenging behaviours. Diagnoses in people with intellectual disabilities are complicated. This study evaluates the quality of the diagnoses and treatment plans after using a guideline that was developed to support professionals in their diagnostic tasks. Materials and Methods: A comparative multiple case study with an experimental and control condition, applying deductive analyses of diagnoses and treatment plans. Results: The analyses revealed that the number of diagnostic statements and planned treatment actions in the experimental group was significantly larger and more differentiated than in the control condition. In the control group, consequential harm and protective factors were hardly mentioned in diagnoses and treatment plans. Conclusions: Working with the ‘Diagnostic Guideline for Anxiety and CB’ leads to improved diagnoses and treatment plans compared with care as usual. (Publisher abstract)
Dementia and memory: a handbook for students and professionals
- Author:
- THOMPSON Simon B.N.
- Publisher:
- Ashgate
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 235p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Aldershot
Intended for students and trained healthcare and medical professionals, this book focuses on treatment of people suffering from dementia and memory problems. It looks at ageing and ageism, definition of dementia, different types of dementia, memory disorders, learning disability and dementia, and coping with memory problems and dementia. It includes information about how to treat memory problems, advanced memory strategies, assessing dementia, treating and managing dementia, and future directions for people with dementia. Case studies on memory, dementia, and dementia and learning disability, and a memory test are included.
A memory clinic for older people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- HASSIOTIS A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aging and Mental Health, 7(6), November 2003, pp.418-423.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Cognitive decline in older people with intellectual disabilities (ID) is often under-recognized. Following the publication of the National Service Framework for Older People and the white paper Valuing People, older people with intellectual disabilities of all aetiologies should have access to a systematic assessment of their cognitive function in order to detect decline in cognition and adaptive skills and implement appropriate treatments as early as possible. The development of a memory clinic for older people with ID is described, including instruments used and characteristics of attendees. Such projects are in line with current UK government policies and can contribute to the improvement of standards of care and support research in this vulnerable group of people.
Prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: the Memory and Medical Care Study
- Authors:
- CHAN Ding-Cheng, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(2), February 2003, pp.174-182.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Little is known about the prevalence and correlates of behavioral and psychiatric symptoms of dementia in community-dwelling elders with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Compared to dementia subjects, those classified as MCI had a lower prevalence of any symptoms (psychosis, depression, or agitation), and of agitation. Symptoms of psychosis and depression also were less prevalent, even though differences did not reach statistical significance. In the dementia group symptoms were associated with a report of a physician's diagnosis of dementia, greater functional impairment, and a knowledgeable informants (KI) who was a child/child-in-law. In those with MCI, symptoms were correlated with being white, greater functional impairment, and a younger, less educated, KI. Psychiatric and behavioral symptoms were common in community-residing elders with cognitive impairment, but their prevalence and correlates differed by study classification as having dementia or MCI. Identifying and treating these symptoms may benefit patients with cognitive impairment and their families.