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A review of the pharmacological management of sexually offending behaviour in learning disabled offenders
- Authors:
- SLOAN Stephanie, BREWSTER Eleanor
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 8(4), 2017, pp.166-175.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The management of sexual offending is a major challenge, particularly in men who have an intellectual disability. Psychological therapies have been shown beneficial, and programmes designed for use in the general population have been adapted for use in offenders who have an intellectual disability. There is also a role for pharmacological management, although the quality of evidence for this is noticeably lacking, most likely associated with the ethical and legal issues encountered in conducting well designed and controlled trials in this area. The purpose of this paper is to look at the pharmacological management options available. Design/methodology/approach: A literature search of electronic databases was undertaken. Additionally, the references lists for identified papers were examined for any further relevant publications. Findings: The two main categories of drugs used in the management of inappropriate sexual behaviour are the testosterone-lowering drugs and the psychotropic drugs. Most trials were open and utilised self-report measures of drug effectiveness, limiting their usefulness. Most trials noted beneficial effect. Side effect profiles and patient adherence can limit the effectiveness of anti-libidinal medication in practice. Originality/value: There is very limited evidence available for the use of pharmacological agents in the management of inappropriate sexual behaviour, owing to the lack of adequately controlled clinical trials. New studies are therefore required, particularly of larger sample sizes, longer durations, and examining characteristics of those who benefit from pharmacological treatment, although the ethical issues of conducting such studies is duly acknowledged. (Publisher abstract)
A meta-analysis of intervention effects on challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- HEYVAERT M., MAES B., ONGHENA P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(7), July 2010, pp.634-649.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This meta analysis reviewed the distinct biological, psychotherapeutic and contextual interventions used to treat challenging behaviour among persons with ID and analysed the intervention effects and moderating variables. A literature search was conducted using the databases ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Medline. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out, supplemented with sensitivity, subgroup, meta-regression and publication bias analyses. Eighty articles were identified, of which 30 contained sufficient data to enable statistical meta-analysis. Eighteen described a biological, 13 a psychotherapeutic and nine a contextual intervention, either applied alone or combined. The overall standardised mean difference was 0.671. As shown by sensitivity analysis, this summary effect size was robust. Assessed through subgroup and meta-regression analysis, all tested moderators showed no statistically significant association with the treatment effects. After applying several analysis techniques the authors concluded that their meta-analysis did not suffer excessively from publication bias effects. It is concluded that several biological, psychotherapeutic and contextual interventions effectively reduce challenging behaviours among persons with ID.
Understanding controversial therapies for children with autism, attention deficit disorder and other learning disabilities: a guide to complementary and alternative therapies
- Author:
- KURTZ Lisa A.
- Publisher:
- Jessica Kingsley
- Publication year:
- 2008
- Pagination:
- 208p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This book offers an overview of complementary and alternative therapies for children with autism, ADHD and other learning disabilities. It will be of interest to parents and professionals working with children who have disabilities that impact on their behaviour. For each treatment the author provides a description of what it involves, which professionals will be working with the child and an explanation of the rationale behind the therapy. The alternative medical systems section covers acupuncture/acupressure, ayurveda, homeopathy, naturopathy and osteopathy. There is a large section on mind-body interventions covering: animal assisted therapy; aromatherapy; art therapy; auditory training; dance movement therapy; hypnotherapy; music therapy; sign language; visual modelling. Biologically-based interventions include Bach flower remedies, elimination diets and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The section on Manipulative and body-based methods covers Alexander Technique, massage therapy, reflexology, yoga and others. Energy therapies covered include chromotherapy, magnetic field therapy and reiki. A list of recommended reading resources and useful contacts is included.
Mental health and deafness
- Editors:
- HINDLEY Peter, KITSON Nick
- Publisher:
- Whurr
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 582p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Designed as an introductory text on mental health and deafness for care workers and mental health workers. Covers a wide range of mental health issues as they relate to deafness and is divided into two sections. The first, Assessment, includes topics such as child and adolescent psychiatry, adult psychiatry, children who are deaf and have multiple disabilities, deafness and learning disability, addictive behaviour and deafness, forensic psychiatry, acquired deafness, and abuse of deaf children. The second section, Management and Intervention, discusses interpreters in mental health settings, educational interventions, different forms of psychotherapy, family therapy, rehabilitation, and drug treatments.