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No one knows: offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities: the prevalence and associated needs of offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities
- Author:
- LOUCKS Nancy
- Publisher:
- Prison Reform Trust
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 8p.
- Place of publication:
- London
No One Knows is a UK-wide programme led by the Prison Reform Trust that aims to effect change by exploring and publicising the experiences of people with learning difficulties and learning disabilities who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The programme runs until October 2008, it is supported by The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund and is chaired by the Rt Hon the Baroness Joyce Quin, former Prisons Minster for England and Wales. This briefing paper outlines a larger review of prevalence and associated needs compiled to provide background information for No One Knows.
No one knows: offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities: easy read version
- Author:
- PRISON REFORM TRUST
- Publisher:
- Prison Reform Trust
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 4p.
- Place of publication:
- London
No One Knows is a UK-wide programme led by the Prison Reform Trust that aims to effect change by exploring and publicising the experiences of people with learning difficulties and learning disabilities who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The programme runs until October 2008, it is supported by The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund and is chaired by the Rt Hon the Baroness Joyce Quin, former Prisons Minster for England and Wales. This paper details the work of the Prison Reform Trust and outlines the prevalence and associated needs compiled to provide background information for No One Knows.
Responding to people with learning disabilities in the probation service
- Author:
- MASON Jonathan
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Forensic Practice, 1(2), May 1999, pp.16-21.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
People with learning disabilities have a number of vulnerabilities which makes the process of probation difficult for them to cope without further support. This article looks at ways to improve this support and demonstrates ways in which services can be developed to meet clients' needs.
Secure inpatient services: a needs assessment
- Authors:
- HALL Ian, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 5(1), 2014, pp.38-53.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to complete a thorough needs assessment that would enable the development of a robust pathway of care for adults with a learning disability requiring secure care, and to assist commissioners to make informed planning decisions. Design/methodology/approach: The paper identified people with a learning disability originating from London who were in secure care, and collected data about them. The paper used reference groups to inform the analysis. Findings: The paper identified 249 people in secure services and was able to include 136 patients in the analysis. In all, 64 were in NHS provision and 72 in independent sector provision; 109 (80.1 per cent) were male and 27 (19.9 per cent) female; on average, patients were cared for 61.5 miles away from their homes; NHS patients were far closer to home; 69.1 per cent had a mild learning disability; 82.3 per cent had a history of violence; approximately one in six patients could not progress due to a lack of an appropriate ward, facility, resource and/or intervention. Practical implications: Secure care for this population is a major public health issue. Many are placed a long way from home. Local services should be developed, and there should be sufficiently robust “step down” places for patients to be discharged to. Originality/value: Systematic identification of the needs of a marginalised group to enable better more appropriate care pathways to be developed in the future. (Publisher abstract)
ASD and offending: reflections of practice in from a New Zealand perspective
- Author:
- BATHGATE David
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 8(2), 2017,
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Background: There is growing awareness in New Zealand of the impact that Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has on individuals and their families and the ability to engage in health services. Although it is a relatively rare condition, approximately one percent of the population will have ASD, directly affecting approximately 40,000 individuals in New Zealand. Purpose: The purpose this paper is to provide some reflections and questions on what can be learnt from a New Zealand perspective. This is based on an overview of the limited literature around ASD and offending and the authors' experience in the UK working in a medium secure unit. Design/methodology/approach: Through a past site visit as part of the annual international conference on the Care and Treatment of Offenders with an Intellectual and/or Developmental Disability in the UK the author became aware of the medium secure forensic unit for male patients with ASD at Roseberry Park Hospital (UK’s Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust). During advanced training in forensic psychiatry with the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists the author was able to apply and be accepted for a 4-month sabbatical training position at this hospital Findings: Outlined is background information about ASD and review findings from the limited literature on ASD and offending. Also outlined is the authors learning as a trainee working in medium secure unit for people with ASD who have offended, and finally how this experience may help in the development of services in New Zealand, given that at this stage such services are under-developed Originality/value: To able to share the valuable experience and learning opportunity the author was able to have, as well as raise the awareness of ASD generally, and specifically the need for specialist services for the small number of people with ASD who come into contact with justice services
“I’d trust them if they understood learning disabilities” support needs of people with learning disabilities in the Criminal Justice System
- Authors:
- HOWARD Ruth, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(1), 2015, pp.1-4.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: People with learning disabilities (LD) often lack necessary support in navigating and coping within the Criminal Justice System (CJS). The purpose of this paper is to explore their experiences, from their own perspective, and identify the supports which need to be implemented. Design/methodology/approach: Focus groups were held with nine patients in a forensic LD service, discussing their experiences and support needs within the CJS. Template analysis was undertaken on the transcripts. Findings: Four themes were identified: negative feelings, professional attitudes, suitability of the CJS, and supports needed. Practical implications: This research demonstrates the valuable opinions to be obtained from offenders with LD on their experiences and needs. Implications for the CJS include a need for further awareness, training, and expertise to work effectively with people with LD. Participant perspectives also highlight the importance of consistent liaison and diversion schemes, and indicate that CJS services may have something to learn from healthcare settings. Originality/value: Previous knowledge of offenders with LD overlooked the perspective of the service user. This research has given this group a voice, and has benefited from their insight. This is a timely piece of research in the current landscape of the CJS, and so these findings may be of practical value to the implementation of supports, particularly the liaison and diversion schemes. (Publisher abstract)
Keys to diversion: best practice for offenders with multiple needs
- Author:
- DURCAN Graham
- Publisher:
- Centre for Mental Health
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 28
- Place of publication:
- London
Liaison and diversion services aim to identify and support people with mental health problems, learning difficulties and other vulnerable people in police stations and courts. This report identifies the key elements of successful liaison and diversion services in six services based in Lewisham, Manchester, Portsmouth and in Plymouth, Bodmin and Truro. The findings are based on visits to sites, interviews with staff, service users, and partners. It finds that the most successful teams offer support for a wide range of a person’s needs, they build packages of support from a range of local agencies, and they stay in touch with people after they have been referred to other services. The report then makes recommendations for NHS commissioners and liaison and diversion services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Life Skills Group: increasing foundation knowledge and motivation in offenders with a learning disability
- Authors:
- PATTERSON Christy, THOMAS Cathy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 5(1), 2014, pp.4-13.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Offenders with a learning disability present with greater clinical need than those without a learning disability. However, for this client group, access to and engagement with psychological and criminogenic interventions are often limited. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a potentially useful approach to this issue. Design/methodology/approach: A single case study design was used to evaluate an introductory group programme, delivered over 12 weekly sessions, in a forensic learning disability service. Semi-structured interviews were used alongside psychometric measures, which were completed prior to, and following completion of, the group, in order to assess the individual's experience of the group, their emotional understanding and difficulties, and readiness to change. Findings: Readiness to change and emotional understanding improved following completion of the programme. Self-reported emotional difficulties showed improvement, although not all staff reports corroborated this. Notably, the service user reported a positive experience, with increased confidence and motivation to attend further groups. Research limitations/implications: Generalisation from the results of single case studies is limited. Although results suggest that motivation to engage further has increased, more research is required to assess whether this impacts on actual ability to engage. Practical implications: Offering an introductory programme prior to further, more criminogenically focused intervention may be more effective than offering these interventions as the first stage of treatment. Originality/value: An introductory group programme may be potentially helpful in providing the foundation knowledge, confidence and motivation necessary to attend further intervention focusing on criminogenic need for offenders with a learning disability. (Publisher abstract)
The characteristics and treatment needs of fire setters with intellectual disability: descriptive data and comparisons between offence type
- Authors:
- CURTIS Ashlee, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 10(4), 2019, pp.82-88.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Fire setters who have an intellectual disability (ID) are often identified as posing a particular danger to the community although relatively little is known about their characteristics, treatment and support needs. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: This study describes the characteristics of 134 residents of low, medium and high security ID facilities in the UK who have either an index offence of arson, a violent index offence or a sexual index offence. Findings: Index arson offenders who had an ID had multiple prior convictions, a history of violent offending and a high likelihood of having a comorbid mental disorder. There were many shared characteristics across the three groups. Practical implications: The current study suggests that offenders who have ID who set fires have treatment needs that are similar to those of violent and sex offenders. It follows that fire setters who have an ID may also benefit from participating in more established offending behaviour treatment programs, such as cognitive behaviour therapy programs, developed for other types of offender. Originality/value: This study is one of the few which has investigated the characteristics and treatment needs of persons who have an ID who set fires. In particular, it is one of the first to compare the characteristics and treatment needs for persons with ID who set fires, to those who have committed violent and sexual offences. (Edited publisher abstract)
Learning disability nursing in the criminal justice system: achieving justice for all – understanding need and enabling change for young people in the youth offending team and resolution and understanding for victims
- Authors:
- HEPWORTH Karina Louise, WILLIAMS Helen-Askell
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(1), 2015, pp.15-22.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The learning disability nursing role in the multi-professional Youth Offending Team (YOT) enables the recognition, acknowledgement and understanding of the needs of people entering the Criminal Justice System (CJS) and provides a platform to ensure appropriate identification, assessment, planning and delivery of care ensuring successful completion of the Order and subsequent recidivism and reduction in reoffending. The purpose of this paper is to share the experience of working with young people who have committed a crime and are found to have unmet or undiagnosed additional needs. Design/methodology/approach: This paper seeks to consider how learning disability nursing skills compliment the range of expertise in the multi-professional YOT and discusses the case of a young woman and her experience of the CJS from pre-sentence to completion of the Order. Findings: Working together enables effective care delivery to ensure the needs of the person are recognised, understood and acted upon and achieves a balance between welfare for the person and justice and understanding for the victim. Originality/value: This paper’s value is to demonstrate that recognition of need enables the appropriate intervention and delivery of care. Through working together a reduction in young people returning into the CJS as well as building skills and understanding in staff working with young people with additional needs can be achieved. (Publisher abstract)