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The HARC challenging behaviour project: report 5: the treatment and management of challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, et al
- Publisher:
- University of Manchester. Hester Adrian Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 33p.
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
In 1994 the Department of Health commissioned the Hester Adrian Research Centre at the University of Manchester and the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York to undertake a series of projects to investigate aspects of challenging behaviour shown by people with learning disability. These projects extended workv previously undertaken at the Hester Adrian Research Centre. In particular they built upon a study of the prevaence of challenging behaviour in the areas served by seven District Health Authorities in the North West of England in 1988.
The HARC challenging behaviour project: report 2: the prevalence of challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, et al
- Publisher:
- University of Manchester. Hester Adrian Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 33p.
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
In 1994 the Department of Health commissioned the Hester Adrian Research Centre at the University of Manchester and the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York to undertake a series of projects to investigate aspects of challenging behaviour shown by people with learning disability. These projects extended workv previously undertaken at the Hester Adrian Research Centre. In particular they built upon a study of the prevaence of challenging behaviour in the areas served by seven District Health Authorities in the North West of England in 1988.
The HARC challenging behaviour project: report 3: user perspectives
- Authors:
- MASON Heidi, SWARBRICK Rebecca, EMERSON Eric
- Publisher:
- University of Manchester. Hester Adrian Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 14p.
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
In 1994 the Department of Health commissioned the Hester Adrian Research Centre at the University of Manchester and the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York to undertake a series of projects to investigate aspects of challenging behaviour shown by people with learning disability. These projects extended workv previously undertaken at the Hester Adrian Research Centre. In particular they built upon a study of the prevaence of challenging behaviour in the areas served by seven District Health Authorities in the North West of England in 1988.
The HARC challenging behaviour project: summary report
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, et al
- Publisher:
- University of Manchester. Hester Adrian Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 21p.
- Place of publication:
- Manchester
In 1994 the Department of Health commissioned the Hester Adrian Research Centre at the University of Manchester and the Centre for Health Economics at the University of York to undertake a series of projects to investigate aspects of challenging behaviour shown by people with learning disability. These projects extended workv previously undertaken at the Hester Adrian Research Centre. In particular they built upon a study of the prevaence of challenging behaviour in the areas served by seven District Health Authorities in the North West of England in 1988.
Estimating how many deaths of people with learning disabilities in England could be prevented by better medical care
- Authors:
- GLOVER Gyles, EMERSON Eric
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 18(3), 2013, pp.146-149.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Using the findings of the Confidential Inquiry into Premature Deaths of People with Learning Disabilities, this article estimates the likely annual number of deaths of people with learning disabilities in England that would be amenable to healthcare, or both amenable and preventable. The Inquiry itself examined all deaths of people with learning disabilities aged four years old or older in an area comprising the former Avon metropolitan county and the remainder of the county of Gloucestershire over a two-year period. The study uses two scaling approaches, one based on age profiles of the population of the study area and of the country, the other on General Practice Quality and Outcome Framework (QOF) learning disability register statistics. National estimates of the annual number of deaths either amenable to healthcare or both amenable and preventable were 1,413 using the age-based scaling approach and 1,238 using the QOF-based approach. The two estimates are reasonably close, and represent about three and a half people a day or 25 a week. The likely accuracy of the estimates depends on how representative of the country the study area is. There are reasons for thinking that people with learning disability are, if anything, likely to be more accurately recognised and better treated there. Both influences would have the effect of reducing national estimates using the authors’ methods. This suggests they should be seen as a minimum. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK: 2010
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, BAINES Susannah
- Publisher:
- Improving Health and Lives: Learning Disabilities Observatory
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 20p.
- Place of publication:
- Stockton-on-Tees
Designed to assist primary, acute and specialist NHS trusts in fulfilling their responsibilities for meeting the health needs of people with learning disabilities, this report summarises recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities. It notes that people with learning disabilities have poorer health than their non-disabled peers and that the health inequalities they face start early in life, and draws attention to aspects of health where people with learning disabilities fare particularly poorly. It looks at inequalities in health status, summarising the available UK research literature on the health status and needs of children and adults with learning disabilities since 2002. It also discusses determinants of health inequalities faced by people with learning disabilities, covering increased risk of exposure to social determinants of health, increased risk associated with specific genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities, communication difficulties and reduced health literacy, personal health risks and behaviours, and deficiencies in access to and quality of health care provision. The authors conclude by suggesting actions which can be taken to respond to the health inequalities identified.
The uptake of health checks for adults with learning disabilities in England: 2008/9-2011/12
- Authors:
- GLOVER Gyles, EMERSON Eric, EVISON Felicity
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 18(1), 2013, pp.45-49.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
People with learning disabilities generally have worse health than their non-disabled peers. This is in part a problem of identifying ill health in this group and gaining timely access to services. In 2006 the Disability Rights Commission recommended the introduction of annual health checks for people with learning disabilities in England as a reasonable adjustment in primary care to address these health inequalities. This paper reports on trends in the provision of health checks for adults with learning disabilities over the period 2008/9-2011/12. It is based on the analysis of data collected by the Information Centre for Health and Social Care from Primary Care Trusts in England. Over the four years the percentage of eligible adults receiving a health check has consistently increased and now stands at 53 percent. There remain marked variations across both Strategic Health Authority areas and Primary Care Trusts. The authors conclude that there is still some way to go before minimum standards of satisfactory performance in the provision of health checks are achieved nationally. They point to the necessity of considering possible obstacles to provision and how these can be addressed to improve uptake further.
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK: 2011
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, et al
- Publisher:
- Improving Health and Lives: Learning Disabilities Observatory
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 32p.
- Place of publication:
- Stockton-on-Tees
People with learning disabilities face serious health inequalities, partly arising from difficulties they encounter in using health services. Health services have a duty to make the adjustments necessary to give them equal access. This report summarises the most recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities and the determinants of the health inequalities they face. In 2002 a comprehensive review was undertaken of the UK research literature on the health needs of people with learning disabilities and the response of health services to people with learning disabilities. This has now been updated to 2011. The report focuses on information relating to the health needs of people with learning disabilities in the UK. It draws attention to studies from other countries where the results are particularly relevant. For this 2011 edition a further section focused on recent evidence of health inequalities and determinants relevant to children with learning disabilities is presented, including new analyses of data extracted from the Millennium Cohort Study and the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England.
Health inequalities and people with learning disabilities in the UK
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, BAINES Susannah
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 16(1), January 2011, pp.42-48.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This report, designed to assist primary, acute and specialist NHS trusts in fulfilling their responsibilities for meeting the health needs of people with learning disabilities, summarises recent evidence from the UK on the health status of people with learning disabilities. It notes that people with learning disabilities have poorer health than their non-disabled peers and that the health inequalities they face start early in life, and draws attention to aspects of health where people with learning disabilities fare particularly poorly. It looks at inequalities in health status, summarising the available UK research literature on the health status and needs of children and adults with learning disabilities since 2002. It also discusses determinants of health inequalities faced by people with learning disabilities, covering increased risk of exposure to social determinants of health, increased risk associated with specific genetic and biological causes of learning disabilities, communication difficulties and reduced health literacy, personal health risks and behaviours, and deficiencies in access to and quality of health care provision. The authors conclude by suggesting actions which can be taken to respond to the health inequalities identified.
Health checks for people with learning disabilities: a systematic review of evidence
- Authors:
- ROBERTSON Janet, ROBERTS Hazel, EMERSON Eric
- Publisher:
- Improving Health and Lives: Learning Disabilities Observatory
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 55p.
- Place of publication:
- Stockton-on-Tees
A total of 38 peer reviewed articles published in English between 1989 and 2010 were included in this systematic review. Most were based on studies conducted in the United Kingdom. The majority of the studies looked at the outcome of a single health check; only three publications were based on randomized controlled trials. The content of the health checks varied widely and they were conducted in a variety of settings. It was common for the health check to be carried out by a general practitioner. The results of the studies indicated that introduction of health checks for people with learning disabilities typically leads to the detection of unmet, unrecognised and potentially treatable health conditions (including serious and life threatening conditions such as cancer, heart disease and dementia); and targeted actions to address health needs. Few studies investigated the extent to which the provision of health checks leads to short, medium or long term changes in health status and the authors emphasise the importance of this provision. The authors conclude that, given the specific difficulties faced by people with learning disabilities targeted health checks should be considered to constitute an effective and important adjustment to the operation of primary health care services in the UK. Areas for future research are outlined.