Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 5 of 5
Self-injurious behaviour, non-interventionism and practitioners’ needs: implications for training and managerial support
- Author:
- NTINAS Konstantinos M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(3), 2014, pp.238-248.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article critical analyses the literature concerning the factors that lead to non-interventionism towards self-injurious behaviour (SIB) in the field of intellectual disability and makes recommendations for the development of practice. It emerges that the limited behaviour analytic skills of practitioners impede the implementation of behavioural interventions and allow SIB to persist. The implications for the development of in-service training and managerial support that would disseminate the implementation of behavioural interventions are briefly discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Assessment of behavioral and psychiatric problems in people with Prader–Willi syndrome: a review of the literature
- Author:
- SPENDELOW Jason S.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8(2), June 2011, pp.104-112.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Prader–Willi syndrome (PSW) is a rare genetic disorder that has a prevalence of 1 in 50,000 to 70,000 people and equal gender distribution. The clinical presentation of people with PWS involves a wide range of behavioural, psychiatric, neurocognitive, and medical problems. The aim of this review is to help clinicians make a comprehensive assessment of mental health problems with this population. People with PWS are particularly susceptible to the development of problems in the areas of hyperphagia, compulsions and repetitive behaviour, self-injury (especially skin-picking), and aggressive behaviours. The most common psychiatric features in people with PWS are psychosis, affective disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorders. Assessment should involve consideration of how behavioural and psychiatric problems can be influenced by neurocognitive functioning and medical issues. The heterogeneous and progressive nature of many behavioural and psychiatric problems in this population presents significant challenges to psychological assessment and management. Comprehensive assessment requires an understanding of the phenotype of Prader–Willi syndrome, and associated issues that can impact upon clinical presentation.
Behavioural interventions for self injurious behaviour: a review of recent evidence (1998–2008)
- Author:
- PRANGNELL Simon
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 38(4), December 2010, pp.259-270.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study provides an update to a review by Emerson published in 2001 on behavioural interventions for self injurious behaviour (SIB) for people with learning disabilities. A systematic search of peer reviewed journals and the ‘grey’ literature identified 34 relevant documents published between 1998 and 2008, the majority of which were single case studies. These papers tended to report only on changes in the frequency of SIB during the intervention; therefore conclusions cannot be made about the long term efficacy and generalisability of these approaches. Reductions in SIB were highly variable, often produced in controlled environments and with the use of aversive interventions. This study presents implications for research and clinical practice and highlights the need for more research reporting on the effectiveness of new interventions such as positive behavioural support.
Early intervention and prevention of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by young children with developmental disabilities
- Author:
- RICHMAN D. M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(1), January 2008, pp.3-17.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The ontogeny of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by young children with developmental delays or disabilities is due to a complex interaction between neurobiological and environmental variables. In this paper, the literature on emerging self-injury in the developmental disability population is reviewed with a focus on an operant conceptual model of how topographies of self-injurious behaviour can change structurally and become sensitive to various environmental consequences. Results of previous studies are reviewed in terms of extending our research focus from a reactive model of assessment and treatment of well-established cases of self-injury to an early intervention and prevention model.
Self-injurious behaviour: an overview of recent trends in epidemiological and behavioural research
- Author:
- EMERSON Eric
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 5(1), 1992, pp.49-81.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
Reviews and discusses three aspects: basing interventions on an analysis of underlying causes, the functional displacement and communication hypothesis, and the debate about the acceptability and effectiveness of aversive treatment.