Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Structured observational research in services for people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- MANSELL Jim
- Publisher:
- NIHR School for Social Care Research
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 31p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The authors review structured observational research, primarily in services for people with learning disabilities. Observational research is of particular value where people using services are unable to answer interviews or questionnaires about their experiences, and where proxy respondents may not be sufficiently accurate sources of data. The review illustrates the use of observational data in assessing and improving the quality of services. Drawing on the published research evaluating services for people with learning disabilities, it deals with the question of what to observe and how to define it so that the information gathered is valid and reliable. It discusses sampling in order to obtain representative information, considers the practical steps that have to be taken in order to make observations in services, and, using examples from the research literature, it shows how to analyse and present observational data.
Meta-analysis of deinstitutionalisation adaptive behaviour outcomes: research and clinical implications
- Authors:
- HAMELIN Jeffrey P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 36(1), March 2011, pp.61-72.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In this study, a targeted meta-analysis is conducted on adaptive behaviour outcome studies examining individuals with intellectual disability. Database searches identified 351 potentially relevant articles, and 23 studies were finally selected and compared. A table summarises the characteristics and outcomes for the studies included. 16 were American in origin, 4 were Australian, 2 were Canadian, and one originated in the UK. The article presents and discusses the results of the analysis, noting that the data from the analysis clearly illustrated the general habilitative effects associated with deinstitutionalisation and community living. The authors concluded that adaptive skills and behaviours are instrumental in the successful adjustment of individuals with intellectual disability to new environments and responsibilities. They suggest that more research is needed to identify specific factors that augment habilitation for adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community.
Is it possible to use interpretative phenomenological analysis in research with people who have intellectual disabilities?
- Authors:
- ROSE John, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(5), 2019, pp.1007-1017.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: This paper examines the appropriateness of using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) in research with people who have intellectual disabilities, focussing on quality. Methods: This study conducted a systematic search to identify published studies. We assessed the quality of the studies using a bespoke framework, adapted from previous reviews, and articles on indicators of “good” IPA work. Results: Twenty‐eight papers were reviewed. The studies were of varying quality: 6 (22%) papers were rated as “good” quality; 16 (57%) were “acceptable”, and 6 (21%) were “poor.” This ratio was comparable to that found in assessments of IPA papers in other domains, suggesting that issues of quality reflect researcher competence, rather than challenges with the population. Conclusions: IPA can be an appropriate methodology to use with people with intellectual disabilities. This study encourages researchers to develop more detailed analyses, to provide more transparency about their sampling strategies, and more detail of the characteristics of their samples. (Edited publisher abstract)
Screening for intellectual disability in children: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- MCKENZIE Karen, MEGSON Paula
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 25(1), January 2012, pp.80-87.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Noting increasing interest in the use of screening tools for early identification of possible intellectual disability, and the difficulty in identifying children with intellectual disability at an early age, this study reviews the literature to investigate how well screening tools identify children with an intellectual disability. It includes an introduction to the subject and a table summarising the psychometric characteristics required of a good screening tool. Database and reference searches for English language articles from 1990 to 2009, followed by detailed examination of studies, identified only one article which examined the ability of an assessment to specifically identify children with a potential intellectual disability. However, the review's overall conclusion was that no single screening tool which was reviewed was shown to be sufficiently valid or reliable to use to identify children with a probable intellectual disability. The authors highlight areas for future researchers to address in developing a screening tool.
How people with intellectual and developmental disabilities on collaborative research teams use technology: a rapid scoping review
- Authors:
- HWANG I-Ting, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 35(1), 2022, pp.88-111.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: the researchers conducted a rapid scoping review to identify how inclusive research teams use technology during the research process that could support remote collaboration during public health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: the researchers searched three databases and conducted a hand search. Two independent reviewers screened 1498 abstracts and titles for inclusion criteria; 81 full text articles were further reviewed; 47 were included. The researchers extracted information about each type of technology, categorised technology used during the research process, and documented described accommodations. Results; the researchers identified 47 articles and 94 examples of technologies used by people with intellectual and developmental disabilities throughout the research process: team formation and team function (38), data collection (19), data analysis (17) and dissemination (20). Conclusions: Technology use by team members with intellectual and developmental disabilities demonstrates promise for remote research collaborations during public health and climate emergencies and teams with members living in diverse locations. (Edited publisher abstract)
Making decisions together? Exploring the decision-making process in an inclusive research project
- Author:
- ELLIS Liz
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 33(3), 2018, pp.454-475.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article explores the decision-making process with a group of people with learning difficulties in an inclusive research project. The article explores the literature around people with learning difficulties and decision-making, drawing in particular on studies using conversation analysis. Three examples drawn from the research process and illustrated by transcripts of video data are then examined critically to unpick the author’s claims of collaborative decision-making. (Publisher abstract)
Engagement of people with long-term conditions in health and social care research: barriers and facilitators to capturing the views of seldom-heard populations
- Authors:
- BEADLE-BROWN Julie, et al
- Publisher:
- Quality and Outcomes of Person-centred Care Policy Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 2012
- Pagination:
- 56
- Place of publication:
- Canterbury
Explores the recent literature on barriers and facilitators to including seldom heard groups as participants in research. Eighteen databases were identified for the final search, and 83 papers included in the review. These predominantly focused on four categories as being difficult to reach or engage in research: intellectual disability, older adults, in particular those with dementia, mental health conditions and minority ethnic groups. Almost half the papers reviewed focused on those with intellectual disabilities. A key barrier to inclusion was the assumptions made by various people (researchers, gatekeepers, ethics committees, funders and so on) involved at each stage of the research process, including research design, ethics and recruitment. The paper suggests that there has been limited progress in developing methods to systematically include these groups in recent years and that there is a need for more research exploring the use of alternative techniques for eliciting responses. (Edited publisher abstract)