Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 28
Factors that influence outcomes for clients with an intellectual disability
- Author:
- RAFFENSBERGER Marilyn K.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 37(4), November 2009, pp.495-509.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Is counselling effective for clients with an intellectual disability? Practitioners question not only the ability of these clients to derive benefit from counselling but also their own ability to provide an effective service. However, this simplistic binary question does not do justice to the complexities of either the counselling process or the lives of those with an intellectual disability. A more useful question would be, 'What factors influence the counselling outcomes of these clients?' This review invites practitioners to refrain from questioning abilities, but rather to reflect on their practice in light of this latter question. Researchers are invited to broaden the scope of their enquiry to further assist practitioners' reflections.
Features of employment‐related technology for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a thematic analysis
- Authors:
- DAMIANIDOU Despoina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(5), 2019, pp.1149-1162.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The aim of this study was to identify, extract, summarize and list the features of applied cognitive technology used to support employment‐related outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Method: Thematic analysis was employed on a published research base of 41 studies obtained through a larger scoping review of the literature on the same topic. Results: The thematic analysis identified 109 technology features categorized into 14 main categories of features, which were grouped into three over‐arching categories, Output, Input and General Features. The majority of the studies comprised “Output” features with “Audio” features being the most frequent category. Studies using more sophisticated technology incorporated a wider range of features and a larger number of references. Conclusions: Further investigation regarding the association of specific technology features with the enhancement of various cognitive functions will assist the decision making and technology selection process. (Edited publisher abstract)
Improving quality of life outcomes in supported accommodation for people with intellectual disability: what makes a difference?
- Authors:
- BIGBY Christine, BEADLE-BROWN Julie
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(2), 2018, pp.e182-e200.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The quality of life (QOL) of people with intellectual disability living in supported accommodation services is variable, influenced by many possible factors. Various frameworks have attempted to identify these factors without assigning value, direction of influence or relative impact on outcomes. Methods: A realist review of the literature aimed to expose different propositions about variables influencing QOL outcomes and review the strength of supporting evidence for these, to identify their relative influence. Evidence was reviewed for and against each of five clusters. Results: Evidence was strongest for the presence of staff practices (use of Active Support), front-line management practice (use of practice leadership), culture (enabling and motivating), human resources policies and practice (that support front-line leaders and recruitment of staff with the right values), adequate resources, and small, dispersed and homelike settings. Conclusions: The evidence informs policy and practice but in some clusters remains limited, warranting further research which measures outcomes on all QOL domains. (Publisher abstract)
Social inclusion and people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour: a systematic review
- Author:
- BIGBY Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(4), December 2012, pp.360-374.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Noting that the high risk of social exclusion for people with intellectual disability is compounded for those with challenging behaviour, this systematic literature review examined how social inclusion of people with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour has been researched and operationalised in the literature. It also aimed to explore the evidence about the extent of social inclusion of this group. 14 papers reporting community inclusion outcomes for people with challenging behaviour were identified through database searches, and thematic analysis was used to synthesise and interpret the findings. The article includes a table summarising the key features of the studies included in the review. It reports that the analysis found that social inclusion had been poorly defined and measured, and that the little research that had occurred in respect of people with challenging behaviour had demonstrated their potential to be socially included. The author discusses the implications of the findings, with particular reference to practice in Australia.
Use of ECT in patients with an intellectual disability: review
- Authors:
- COLLINS Jessica, HALDER Neel, CHAUDHRY Nasim
- Journal article citation:
- Psychiatrist (The), 36(2), February 2012, pp.55-60.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
Although adults with an intellectual disability display a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders than in the general adult population, the existing literature on the use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with an intellectual disability is limited. This review examined articles on ECT published before March 2010. All age ranges, severity of disability and diagnoses were included. The review found 72 case reports, a retrospective chart review study and other reviews, but no controlled studies. Seventy nine per cent of patients showed a positive outcome following ECT. Complications were seen only in 13% and there were no reports of cognitive decline. Thirty two per cent of patients relapsed following ECT, and the majority were maintained with medication at follow-up (71%). Obstacles to its use include diagnostic difficulties, ethical and legal issues, a lack of objective measurements and uncertainty about its safety in this population. The authors concluded that ECT was a valuable treatment for this patient group and should be considered earlier as opposed to as a last resort.
New directions: day services for people with learning disabilities in the 1990s: a review of the research
- Authors:
- SIMONS Ken, WATSON Debby
- Publisher:
- University of Exeter. Centre for Evidence Based Practice
- Publication year:
- 1999
- Pagination:
- 60p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Exeter
Research review of services for people with learning disabilities
Early intervention for children with learning disabilities whose behaviours challenge
- Authors:
- COOPER Vivien, et al
- Publisher:
- Challenging Behaviour Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2014
- Pagination:
- 15
- Place of publication:
- Chatham
Drawing on evidence from systematic reviews, meta analyses, narrative reviews, primary research and national data collections, this narrative review sets out the available evidence around early intervention approaches for children with learning disabilities whose behaviours challenge. It identifies the following early interventions: early behavioural interventions; training and support for families; early identification and rapid response; and positive behavioural support. It also recommends key areas of action to help commissioners proactively target resources to deliver good outcomes. The report from part of the Early Intervention Project, delivered in partnership by the Challenging Behaviour Foundation and the Council for Disabled Children. Key messages (Edited publisher abstract)
Assessment and treatment of challenging behaviour for individuals with intellectual disability: a research review
- Authors:
- LLOYD Blair P., KENNEDY Craig H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(3), 2014, pp.187-199.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Challenging behaviour is frequently associated with the presence of intellectual disability. If not effectively treated, chronic challenging behaviour can negatively impact a variety of quality of life outcomes for individuals with intellectual disability. Methods and Results: The authors review the current status of research relating to the assessment and treatment of challenging behaviour for people with intellectual disability. The history of interventions for challenging behaviour that led to the development of function-based approaches widely in use today are briefly reviewed. The authors then discuss the various operant functions of challenging behaviour, functional behaviour assessment technologies and reinforcement-based interventions. Conclusions: The authors conclude with a discussion of future directions that include models of prevention, ecological validity of assessment procedures and the widespread use of comprehensive behavioural support programmes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Quality of life and living arrangements for people with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- BERTELLI Marco, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 7(4), 2013, pp.220-231.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Recent international experiences of community inclusion have produced a major change in residential care for people with intellectual disability (ID). Assignment and outcome assessment through new person-centred measures are raising increasing interest; however, the information on quality of life and accommodation is still limited. This paper aims to provide an overview of the application of quality of life models and the size of the provision of different living arrangements using a systematic mapping of the literature of the last decade and expert guided review of the available evidence. Quality of life (QoL) outcomes measures of living arrangements in people with ID show conceptual and methodological challenges. The following key topics were identified: individual level: issues related to health status, behavioural problems and other personal factors (ageing, choice and empowerment); family and peers; local level: accommodation, architecture and urbanization, and economic aspects (deprivation and costs); macro level: social participation (community inclusion). The residential solutions that are currently considered of highest efficiency are small apartments in the community and “cluster centers”. (Edited publisher abstract)
New research into general psychiatric services for adults with intellectual disability and mental illness
- Author:
- CHAPLIN R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(3), March 2009, pp.189-199.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There has been a long-running debate as to whether this should be provided by general psychiatric or specialised intellectual disability (ID) services. A previous review concluded that there was no clear evidence to support either model with research being often of a poor quality, lacking replication, and outcome measures were often inappropriate or varied between studies. This review aims assess differences in outcome for adults with ID and mental disorders treated in general or specialised ID mental health services. A literature review was conducted using electronic databases and websites of ID and mental health organisations to locate all references where people with ID receive mental health care in general psychiatric services from 2003. People with ID (especially severe ID) have reduced access to general psychiatric services. General psychiatric inpatient care is unpopular especially with carers but can be improved by providing specially trained staff and in-reach from community ID teams. Opportunities may exist to enhance the care of people with borderline intellectual functioning within general psychiatric services. Although no new randomised controlled trials have been published, the weight of research is accumulating to suggest that provision of general psychiatric services without extra help is not sufficient to meet the needs of people with ID.