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What works in community health education for adults with learning disabilities: a scoping review of the literature
- Authors:
- OWENS Rebecca, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(6), 2020, pp.1268-1283.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Research suggests there is insufficient good quality information regarding the effectiveness of health education aimed at adults with intellectual disabilities. By analysing the literature, this review aimed to identify what constituted effectiveness in this context. Method: Relevant evaluations were extracted from bibliographic databases according to pre‐specified criteria. Papers were analysed using QSR NVivo 11 by developing a narrative synthesis and analytic framework that identified and explored text addressing the research question. Results: Twenty‐two studies were included. The review identified two broad components of effective health education: mechanisms and context. Mechanisms included embedded programme flexibility, appropriate and accessible resources, and motivational delivery. An effective context included an accessible and supportive environment and longer term opportunities for reinforcement of learning. Conclusions: Important gaps in the literature highlighted a need for further research addressing community learning experiences of adults with intellectual disabilities as well as the effectiveness of infection prevention programmes. (Edited publisher abstract)
An exploration of lifestyle/obesity programmes for adults with intellectual disabilities through a realist lens: impact of a ‘context, mechanism and outcome’ evaluation
- Authors:
- TAGGART Laurence, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 34(2), 2021, pp.578-593.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Obesity is higher in people with intellectual disabilities. Aims: There are two aims of this explorative paper. Firstly, using a realist lens, to go beyond ‘what works’ and examine the ‘context, mechanisms and outcomes’ (CMO) of lifestyle/obesity programmes for this population. Second, using a logic model framework to inform how these programmes could be implemented within practice. Method: We explored six‐review papers and the individual lifestyle/obesity programmes that these papers reviewed using the CMO framework. Results: There were few theoretically underpinned, multi‐component programmes that were effective in the short to long‐term and many failed to explore the ‘context and mechanisms’. We developed a logic model and engaged in two co‐production workshops to refine this model. Discussion: Using a realist approach, programmes need to be underpinned by both individual and systems change theories, be multi‐component, have a closer understanding of the interplay of the ‘context and mechanisms’, and co‐designed using a logic model framework. (Edited publisher abstract)
Value of local provision for complex needs
- Author:
- HUDSON Bob
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 9.10.08, 2008, pp.32-33.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Summarises the findings of a knowledge review, commissioned by the Social Care Institute for Excellence (SCIE), which draws together evidence from research and practice on the effectiveness of out-of-area placements for people with learning disabilities.
Adapting individual psychotherapy for adults with intellectual disabilities: a comparative review of the cognitive-behavioural and psychodynamic literature
- Authors:
- WHITEHOUSE Richard M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 19(1), March 2006, pp.55-65.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Historically, adults with intellectual disabilities have had little access to individual psychotherapy. Over the last 20 years an increasing body of literature has described psychotherapy with adults with intellectual disabilities and reported methods for adapting traditional psychotherapeutic techniques. This review identified the frequency of adaptations suggested by Hurley et al. (1998) [Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, vol. 10, pp. 365–386] within cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic studies with adults with intellectual disabilities. Twenty-five studies were reviewed, 10 cognitive–behavioural and 15 psychodynamic. A total of 94 adaptations were identified. Within cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) studies, flexibility in method was the most frequently considered adaptation whilst transference and counter transference issues were most frequently considered within psychodynamic studies. Across the two approaches, disability and rehabilitation issues were given the least consideration. Implications for practitioners and services are highlighted along with recommendations for future research.
Publishing about intellectual disability: an analysis of the contents of the Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability and its predecessors
- Author:
- FOREMAN Philip J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 23(3), September 1998, pp.187-197.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This article analyses the Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, and its predecessors over the last 28 years, in terms of the nature and orientation of the contents, the type of publication, and the professional background and affiliation of the authors. The paper also examines the extent to which the Journal has reflected developments in research and changes in professional practice in intellectual disability, in Australia and overseas, over that period.
Working on person-centred planning: from amber to green light?
- Authors:
- DOWLING Sandra, MANTHORPE Jill, COWLEY Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11(1), March 2007, pp.65-82.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article reviews the practice and policy based literature on person-centred planning in learning disability services in England. Its aim is to identify the implications for the workforce in practice. The analysis found that implementation is often described as partial or slow and characterizes reasons for this at a number of levels, including the slow pace of change in service culture and power relations, immutable funding structures, services’ inflexible infrastructures, high levels of staff turnover and lack of training, inexperience among service management, inadequate staff supervision, and ambiguity among some stakeholders. Little substantial critique exists of the model itself. Analysis of the literature further reveals that the implementation of person-centred planning in practice is assisted by policy encouragement, service development and investment, favourable case reports and personal accounts, practitioner enthusiasm and positive evaluations. This article explores these to consider what facilitates the adoption of new elements of practice.
Family placement schemes offering long-term care for adults with learning disabilities: a review of the evaluation literature
- Author:
- DAGNAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 12(4), September 1997, pp.593-604.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Reviews evaluation studies of family placement schemes offering long-term care for adults with learning disabilities in Britain. The model is widely used, but there is very little research describing such schemes. It is suggested that evaluation is made difficult because the goals of placement schemes for people with learning disabilities are not made clear in the literature. A theoretical structure for education based upon an ecological view of quality of life is suggested and research is reviewed within this model. Where possible, comparisons are made to American literature on similar models of care.
Goal planning for adults with a mental handicap: outcome research, staff training and management
- Author:
- STURMEY P.
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 5(1), 1992, pp.92-108.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
Reviews the research literature, identifying groups in research methods and lack of evaluation in the outcome studies; discusses promising developments in staff training methods.
Does the adapted sex offender treatment programme reduce cognitive distortions? A meta-analysis
- Author:
- PATTERSON Chris
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 9(1), 2018, pp.9-21.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: For the 3.8 per cent of people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) who have offended sexually, the main form of treatment is the group-based, cognitive-behavioural, adapted sex offender treatment programme (ASOTP) that focusses on challenging cognitive distortions condoning sex offending. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evaluation of how effective the ASOTP is at reducing ID sex offenders’ cognitive distortions. Design/methodology/approach: Three databases were searched systematically: PsycINFO, MEDLINE and Web of Science. Six studies met the inclusion criteria, yielding 118 participants. Using a random-effects model, effect sizes were calculated using pre- and post-treatment scores on a measure of cognitive distortions. The standardised mean difference (SMD) was 1.77 (95 per cent CI: 1.06, 2.46), which was statistically significant (p<0.001) and “large”. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that this SMD was robust, and a check for publication bias revealed that it was unlikely that the “file drawer problem” confounded the meta-analysis. Findings: These results indicated that the ASOTP can significantly reduce ID sex offenders’ cognitive distortions, regardless of treatment length, IQ level, language abilities, or offence type. Consistent with earlier reports, longer treatment resulted in the greatest reductions: the optimum treatment length was 24 months. Research limitations/implications: The ASOTP’s current evidence is comprised wholly of case and quasi-experimental studies, none of which employed control groups. This paper highlights how there is a dire need for high-quality experimental evaluation of the ASOTP. Practical implications: Clinicians are advised to continue using the ASOTP as the main treatment for ID sex offenders until the effectiveness of the ASOTP is further examined using randomised controlled trials. Originality/value: This is the first meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of the ASOTP. (Edited publisher abstract)
Identifying conceptualizations and theories of change embedded in interventions to facilitate community participation for people with intellectual disability: a scoping review
- Authors:
- BIGBY Christine, ANDERSON Sian, CAMERON Nadine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(2), 2018, pp.165-180.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Little progress has been made towards community participation of people with intellectual disability despite it being a policy aim since the 1980s. We aimed to identify the features of programmes designed to support community participation. Method: A scoping review was conducted of peer-reviewed literature between 2000 and 2015, about interventions to support community participation for adults with intellectual disability. Results: A small body of evidence relates to the design and effectiveness of interventions to enhance community participation. Seventeen studies reported programmes reflecting three conceptualisations of community participation (as social relationships, as convivial encounter and as belonging) that used strategies such as active mentoring, facilitative support worker practice and arts-based programmes. Conclusions: Studies showed the diverse and person-centred nature of community participation and demonstrated the need for larger-scale studies of promising interventions that include details of costs, and strategies to guide implementation of policies to support community participation. (Edited publisher abstract)