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Deinstitutionalization and quality of life of individuals with intellectual disability: a review of the international literature
- Authors:
- CHOWDHURY Monali, BENSON Betsey A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8(4), December 2011, pp.256-265.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Deinstitutionalisation of individuals with intellectual disabilities is based on the idea that quality of life (QOL) will improve after being moved from institutions to community-based care settings. This international review investigated whether this assumption has become a reality now that the policy of deinstitutionalisation has progressed in many countries. Fifteen studies were examined that assessed QOL as an outcome of community living following deinstitutionalisation. Findings suggested that relocation had a general positive impact on life quality of participants. However, many of the studies found that improvements were most prominent shortly after the move. Participants continued to have low levels of community integration, and there was evidence that healthcare needs were not adequately met in the community. The role of service providers was indicated as vital in the continued development of participants' life quality. The authors concluded that additional research is required to identify the factors that are critical in improving QOL in community-based care.
Meta-analysis of deinstitutionalisation adaptive behaviour outcomes: research and clinical implications
- Authors:
- HAMELIN Jeffrey P., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 36(1), March 2011, pp.61-72.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In this study, a targeted meta-analysis is conducted on adaptive behaviour outcome studies examining individuals with intellectual disability. Database searches identified 351 potentially relevant articles, and 23 studies were finally selected and compared. A table summarises the characteristics and outcomes for the studies included. 16 were American in origin, 4 were Australian, 2 were Canadian, and one originated in the UK. The article presents and discusses the results of the analysis, noting that the data from the analysis clearly illustrated the general habilitative effects associated with deinstitutionalisation and community living. The authors concluded that adaptive skills and behaviours are instrumental in the successful adjustment of individuals with intellectual disability to new environments and responsibilities. They suggest that more research is needed to identify specific factors that augment habilitation for adults with intellectual disabilities living in the community.
The effects of deinstitutionalisation on people with mental handicaps: a review
- Author:
- ALLEN David
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 2(1), 1989, pp.18-37.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
Describes major findings on the effects on behaviour, community integration and quality of life.
Understanding and treating offenders with learning disabilities: a review of recent developments
- Authors:
- TAYLOR John L., LINDSAY William R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 1(1), April 2010, pp.5-16.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This narrative review first presents and discusses recent developments relating to offenders with learning disabilities, looks at the historical association between crime and low intelligence, and then investigates the evidence concerning the prevalence of offending by people with learning disabilities, and their recidivism rates. The authors summarise research concerning service pathways for this population, and outline progress in the development of actuarial, dynamic and clinical assessments of the future risk of offending. Secondly, the paper focuses on a review of the evidence for, and recent developments in, the treatment of offending behaviour (anger and aggression, sexual offending and fire-setting), utilising broadly cognitive behaviourally-based approaches. Finally, the authors propose future directions for research and practice innovation.
Supported accommodation for people with intellectual disabilities and quality of life: an overview
- Authors:
- WALSH Patricia Noonan, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), June 2010, pp.137-142.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The authors review evidence relating to quality of life outcomes in models of supported accommodation for adults with intellectual disabilities. A literature search for English language, peer-reviewed articles published between 1995 and 2005 was conducted to: (1) review the outcome of deinstitutionalisation and post-institutionalisation studies; (2) examine instruments used to measure outcomes for individuals; and (3) compare costs and benefits associated with different models of supported accommodation. A total of 86 articles reported on 67 studies; forty nine of the articles focussed on deinstitutionalisation. Together the US and the UK accounted for 75% of the studies discussed. In the deinstitutionalisation studies, there was consistent evidence of greater choice and self-determination, participation in social networks or relationships and community-based activities, and personal satisfaction in community-based settings. Post-deinstitutionalisation studies provided consistent evidence for greater choice, self-determination, and participation in community-based activities in smaller settings, but no evidence for greater physical health or material well-being, and little evidence for a relationship between type of setting and employment. The authors identified five key factors for consideration when planning future research. They suggest work is needed to meet methodological challenges they identified, to investigate the apparent failure of smaller residences to improve residents’ well-being, and to study systematically factors not directly addressed in the studies reviewed: poverty and income, organisational culture, and geographical variation.
Behaviourial outcomes of deinstitutionalisation for people with intellectual disability: a review of US studies conducted between 1980 and 1999
- Authors:
- KIM Shannon, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 26(1), March 2001, pp.35-50.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Ten years ago, the authors published a summary of all US studies published between 1976 and 1988, inclusive, that measured behavioural outcomes associated with the movement of people with mental retardation from public institutions to community residential settings. Those studies found with remarkable consistency that positive adaptive behaviour changes were associated with people moving from institutions to community homes. Now, the authors revisit this topic to examine whether research conducted since 1988 has continued to support these earlier findings. As in the earlier review, almost all of the reviewed studies found statistically significant increases in overall adaptive behaviour scores associated with deinstitutionalisation. Three studies published since 1990 reported statistically significant improvements in challenging behaviour associated with movement to the community, and nine reported no significant differences in challenging behaviour for persons who moved compared with persons who remained in institutions.