Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 6 of 6
Aggressive behaviour and its prevalence within five typologies
- Authors:
- CROTTY Gerard, DOODY Owen, LYONS Rosemary
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 2014, pp.76-89.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Crucial to understanding an individual, presenting with intellectual disability and the management of their challenging behaviours, is the knowledge of the types of those specific behaviours. The term aggressive behaviour is a universal term that embraces many aspects of behaviour that vary in terms of severity, frequency and seriousness for the individual and those around them. Hence, greater consideration regarding intervention, management, person-centred strategies and prevalence and frequency rates are required in service provision for individuals with intellectual disability and aggressive behaviour. This review presents the context of aggressive behaviour and its prevalence within the five typologies of aggressive behaviour: verbal aggression, aggression against others, sexually inappropriate behaviour, self-injurious behaviour and aggression against property, as identified by Crocker et al. (2007). The focus of this review is to report on the prevalence of aggressive behaviour reported for individuals with intellectual disability and consider the ambiguity in defining aggressive behaviour. (Publisher abstract)
Autism, sexual offending, and the criminal justice system
- Author:
- MOGAVERO Melanie Clark
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 7(3), 2016, pp.116-126.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: There has been growing concern among stakeholders about individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and sex offending as research supports an indirect association. The purpose of this paper is threefold. First, bring more awareness of the sexuality and deviant/criminal sexual behaviour among those with ASD to stakeholders in the criminal justice system (CJS). Second, demonstrate that much of the deviant or sexual offending behaviour exhibited among those with ASD is often a manifestation of their ASD symptoms and not malice. Third, demonstrate the necessity to address specific needs of individuals with ASD who enter the CJS due to criminal sexual behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: This paper provides an overview of the ASD symptomology, including the diagnostic changes, a review of the literature on ASD and sexuality, which includes deviant sexual behaviour and sexual offending. Findings: The author linked examples of deviant or sexual behavior in the research literature to the ASD symptomology and described how the symptomology explains such behaviour. Originality/value: Sexual offending among those with ASD has received little research outside the mental health field. This review is of particular importance to those in the CJS unfamiliar with ASD, as they should handle them differently with regard to formal interviewing, measures of competency, capacity, and sentencing. (Edited publisher abstract)
Do Social Stories help to decrease disruptive behaviour in children with autistic spectrum disorders? a review of the published literature
- Author:
- RHODES Christine
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 2014, pp.35-50.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
A structured search and identification of themes within the literature regarding the use of Social Stories to decrease disruptive behaviour in children with autistic spectrum disorders is presented. The examination of seven studies showed that the Social Story intervention was successful for the majority of the participants, although the level of success was variable. Overall, Social Stories appear to be an acceptable intervention for use in the classroom, however unplanned verbal prompting by teachers, in some studies, reduced confidence in the effectiveness of Social Stories when used in isolation. An increasing body of literature has indicated that Social Stories are an effective intervention for children diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders, however very few studies have addressed the efficacy of Social Stories when used with children with other disabilities. (Publisher abstract)
Training direct care staff working with persons with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour: a meta-analytic review study
- Authors:
- KNOTTER Maartje H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Aggression and Violent Behavior, 40, 2018, pp.60-72.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
Two separate meta-analyses were conducted to examine (1) the effects of training programs on the behaviour of direct care staff working with clients with ID who present challenging behaviour problems (predominantly aggressive and violent behaviour), and (2) the effects of staff training on the challenging behaviour of their clients with ID. A 3-level random effects model was used for both meta-analyses to account for both within and between study variance. Results showed that staff training was moderately effective in changing staff behaviour, but no convincing evidence was found for an effect on the reduction of challenging behaviour of persons with ID. The type, content and goal of training did not moderate the effects of staff training, whereas sample and study characteristics (e.g., sex participant or year of publication) did. The way a training program is delivered to staff may be much more important than characteristics of a training. (Edited publisher abstract)
Therapeutic communities for people with intellectual disability and complex needs
- Authors:
- TAYLOR Jon, CROWTHER Simon, BRYANT Christian
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(3), 2015, pp.124-131.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the use and value of therapeutic communities (TCs) in services for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) and complex needs. Design/methodology/approach: A structured literature review of TC in ID services. Findings: TCs have been used in a range of in-patient services for people with IDs. Although outcome studies are scarce, those that exist offer promising indications of such service designs. Originality/value: TCs have seen a recent increase of interest in ID services. This paper provides an overview of these services and outlines the benefits that such a residential culture can offer for both service users and staff members. (Publisher abstract)
Managing behaviour and sleep problems in disabled children: an investigation into the effectiveness and costs of parent-training interventions
- Authors:
- BERESFORD Bryony, et al
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Education
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 302p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Sleep problems are common among all children but more common among disabled children, especially those with learning disabilities. For these children sleep problems appear to be very persistent, and are not likely to disappear without intervention. Behaviour problems are also more common among disabled children than among their nondisabled peers, with studies finding rates of behaviour problems to be three to four times higher compared to non-disabled peers. Such behaviours can be difficult to manage, anti-social, distressing, and/or interfere with family routines and activities. Current evidence suggests that access to early/preventive interventions which help parents better manage the behaviours they find difficult or problematic may be an important factor in improving outcomes for disabled children and their families. This report: evaluated the effectiveness of four different parent-training interventions for parents of disabled children with sleep problems; identified the costs of these interventions and explored their cost effectiveness; explored the factors which hindered or support the effectiveness of these interventions; described parents' experiences of receiving these interventions; and described professionals' experiences of delivering these interventions.