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Factors that influence outcomes for clients with an intellectual disability
- Author:
- RAFFENSBERGER Marilyn K.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 37(4), November 2009, pp.495-509.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Is counselling effective for clients with an intellectual disability? Practitioners question not only the ability of these clients to derive benefit from counselling but also their own ability to provide an effective service. However, this simplistic binary question does not do justice to the complexities of either the counselling process or the lives of those with an intellectual disability. A more useful question would be, 'What factors influence the counselling outcomes of these clients?' This review invites practitioners to refrain from questioning abilities, but rather to reflect on their practice in light of this latter question. Researchers are invited to broaden the scope of their enquiry to further assist practitioners' reflections.
Autonomy in relation to health among people with intellectual disability: a literature review
- Authors:
- WULLINK M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(9), September 2009, pp.816-826.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Since the 1990s, individualisation, participation, normalisation and inclusion have been the main principles of care for people with intellectual disability. Autonomy has become an increasingly important issue. This review of the literature tried to answer the question: how do people with intellectual disabilities exercise autonomy in relation to health? Searches in Cochrane, Medline and PsycINFO were based on the following aspects of autonomy: self-determination, independence, self-regulation and self-realisation. Thirty-nine of 791 articles met our criteria, including 14 on self-determination, seven on independence, 15 on self-regulation and three on self-realisation. In spite of decades of promoting autonomy, the exercise of autonomy in relation to health has so far rarely been an issue in the literature.
Physical restraint of people with intellectual disability: a review of implementation reduction and elimination procedures
- Author:
- LUISELLI James K.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(2), March 2009, pp.126-134.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This review describes procedures to reduce and eliminate physical restraint of people with intellectual disability. One approach is to assess antecedent conditions associated with restraint and change them so that they no longer produce restraint-provoking behaviour. A second approach is to decrease the duration of restraint by establishing a fixed-time release (FTR) criterion. Research supporting these approaches within community-based service settings are presented. Results found physical restraint can be effectively reduced and eliminated using antecedent intervention procedures and FTR contingencies.
Access to secondary healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- BACKER Clare, CHAPMAN Melanie, MITCHELL Duncan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 22(6), November 2009, pp.514-525.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There is growing evidence that people with intellectual disabilities have greater healthcare needs than the general population and that these needs are often unmet. Recently, increasing attention has been drawn to poor care received by people with intellectual disabilities when admitted to hospital. A literature search was conducted to identify studies on experiences of secondary healthcare for people with intellectual disabilities. Studies were published between January 1990 and March 2008. Thirteen studies were identified. Important influences on the experience of hospital care were: individual factors; the carer's role; the attitudes, knowledge and communicative style of health staff; and the physical environment. A range of recommendations and initiatives have been developed to improve hospital care. It is concluded that more research is needed, given that so few studies are published in this area. Initiatives to improve access to secondary healthcare need to be evaluated to inform the development of services.
New research into general psychiatric services for adults with intellectual disability and mental illness
- Author:
- CHAPLIN R.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(3), March 2009, pp.189-199.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There has been a long-running debate as to whether this should be provided by general psychiatric or specialised intellectual disability (ID) services. A previous review concluded that there was no clear evidence to support either model with research being often of a poor quality, lacking replication, and outcome measures were often inappropriate or varied between studies. This review aims assess differences in outcome for adults with ID and mental disorders treated in general or specialised ID mental health services. A literature review was conducted using electronic databases and websites of ID and mental health organisations to locate all references where people with ID receive mental health care in general psychiatric services from 2003. People with ID (especially severe ID) have reduced access to general psychiatric services. General psychiatric inpatient care is unpopular especially with carers but can be improved by providing specially trained staff and in-reach from community ID teams. Opportunities may exist to enhance the care of people with borderline intellectual functioning within general psychiatric services. Although no new randomised controlled trials have been published, the weight of research is accumulating to suggest that provision of general psychiatric services without extra help is not sufficient to meet the needs of people with ID.
Access to independent advocacy: an evidence review
- Authors:
- TOWNSLEY Ruth, MARRIOTT Anna, WARD Linda
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Office for Disability Issues
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 167p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This review sets out to investigate the nature and extent of evidence relating to independent advocacy for disabled people at risk of losing choice and control in four specific situations: during transition to adulthood; when the children of disabled parents are subject to safeguarding procedures; when entry to residential care is a possibility; when disabled people are victims or alleged perpetrators of anti-social behaviour. In doing so, it describes and evaluates evidence about the need, costs and benefits associated with independent advocacy. The final section summarises the state of the evidence base currently available and the gaps therein, and suggests what additional research is needed to further our knowledge in this field.
Access to independent advocacy: an evidence review: executive summary
- Authors:
- TOWNSLEY Ruth, MARRIOTT Anna, WARD Linda
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Office for Disability Issues
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 7p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This is the executive summary of a review which sets out to investigate the nature and extent of evidence relating to independent advocacy for disabled people at risk of losing choice and control in four specific situations: during transition to adulthood; when the children of disabled parents are subject to safeguarding procedures; when entry to residential care is a possibility; when disabled people are victims or alleged perpetrators of anti-social behaviour. In doing so, it describes and evaluates evidence about the need, costs and benefits associated with independent advocacy. The final section summarises the state of the evidence base currently available and the gaps therein, and suggests what additional research is needed to further our knowledge in this field.