Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Vulnerability to depression in adolescents with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- KIDDLE Hannah, DAGNAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 5(1), January 2011, pp.3-8.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper provides a selective review of developmental risk factors relating to depression in typically developing adolescents and considers how the life experiences and the social context of adolescents with intellectual disability may increase their sensitivity to identified risk factors for depression. A number of factors are highlighted as important in the development of mental health problems including attachment, child temperament and parenting behaviour, and a number of risk factors specific to depression, including genetic vulnerability, parental depression, negative life events and peer relations. Many of these experiences are particularly prevalent in the lives of young people with intellectual disabilities. These include experience of the social stigma attached to intellectual disability, increased exposure to negative life-events, social and emotion recognition deficits, and increased rates of parental stress and associated depression. These life experiences and consequent increased susceptibility to risk factors may help explain the higher rate of depression in adolescents with intellectual disability. The authors suggest that a consideration of developmental factors and their interaction with the person’s social environment may offer a possible framework for prevention and early intervention with adolescents with intellectual disabilities.
Anti-social behaviour and police contact among 13- to 15-year-old English adolescents with and without mild/moderate intellectual disability
- Authors:
- EMERSON Eric, HALPIN Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(5), 2013, pp.362-369.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study describes the rates of anti-social behaviour (ASB) among adolescents with/without mild/moderate intellectual disability (MMID) and estimates whether any differences could be attributable to differences in exposure to extraneous risk factors. A secondary analysis of the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England and participants with MMID were identified through data linkage with educational records. Parents of children with MMID were more likely to report police contact, children with MMID were more likely to self-report fighting/public disturbance, shoplifting and graffiti. When controlling for differences in exposure to extraneous risk factors, MMID was associated with increased rates of police contact and self-reported graffiti, no difference in self-reported shoplifting, reduced rates of self-reported fighting/public disturbance and vandalism. Differences in the rates of exposure to extraneous risk factors play an important role in accounting for the differences in the prevalence of self-reported ASB among adolescents with and without MMID. (Edited publisher abstract)
Recognising and responding to young people with learning disabilities who experience, or are at risk of, child sexual exploitation in the UK
- Authors:
- FRANKLIN Anita, SMEATON Emilie
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Youth Services Review, 73, 2017, pp.474-481.
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
In the UK, child sexual exploitation (CSE) has received considerable attention in the last few years, with evidence pointing to an increased risk for young people with learning disabilities. However, no study has specifically focused on this and little is known about how best to protect, identify or support this group. This paper is based on a UK study which examined the identification of, and support for sexual exploited young people with learning disabilities. Data collection included surveys of all local authorities in the UK and of a sample of services supporting vulnerable or disabled children, in-depth interviews with 34 professional stakeholders and with 27 young people with learning disabilities who were at risk of, or who had experienced CSE. This paper provides an overview of the study and identifies areas for improvement in policy and practice including the need for education, training and awareness raising amongst young people, their families and professionals; tackling social isolation, disempowerment and invisibility of young people with learning disabilities, and the need for full implementation of government guidance with a spotlight on this group of young people. (Publisher abstract)
Cybervictimization of young people with an intellectual or developmental disability: risks specific to sexual solicitation
- Authors:
- NORMAND Claude L., SALLAFRANQUE-St LOUIS François
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 29(2), 2016, pp.99-110.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Studies demonstrate that youth are vulnerable to online sexual solicitation. However, no study has estimated this risk for youth diagnosed with an intellectual or developmental disability (IDD). Methods: A literature review of the risk factors associated with online sexual solicitation in youths was done using electronic databases, such as PsychInFO, ERIC, MEDLINE and Scopus. Results: Fifty-seven published papers were found relevant. However, only two pertained to the population with IDD. Sexual and physical abuse, social isolation, loneliness, depression, and chatting were found to increase the risk of being prey to sexual solicitation on the Internet. Many of these risk factors are even more prevalent in youth with IDD than in the general population. Conclusion: Recommendations are made for future research to help understand and prevent sexual cybersolicitation. (Publisher abstract)
Interventions for young people with intellectual disabilities who commit arson
- Authors:
- TRANAH Troy, NICHOLAS Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 7(2), 2013, pp.72-81.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The aim of this paper is to reviews the current literature on working with young people with intellectual disabilities who commit arson. Searches were completed using the ScienceDirect, Medline and PsycINFO databases in March 2012. All papers containing the terms “firesetting” or “fire-setting” or “arson” and “child” or “juvenile” or “adolescent” and “intellectual disability” or “learning disability” or “learning difficulties” in the title or abstract were identified. Fifty four appropriate papers were identified. A review of assessment methods and interventions involving young people with intellectual disabilities who start fires was completed. It explores the trends across the population of firesetters as a whole and also compares how treatment implications may differ for young people with and without an intellectual disability. The paper outlines the core risk factors to be investigated within an assessment of a young firesetter with intellectual disabilities. In terms of treatment, the best current approach appears to be a combination of education and cognitive behavioural approaches including social skills training. Other treatment modalities, e.g. joint interventions provided by fire services and mental health services, are also discussed. Given the lack of available literature on young firesetters with intellectual disabilities it is hoped that this paper will be useful in guiding clinicians working in this area and also prompt future research regarding treatment with this client group. (Edited publisher abstract)
Individual, life events, family and socio-economic factors associated with young people with intellectual disability and with and without behavioural/emotional problems
- Authors:
- TAGGART L., TAYLOR D., MCCRUM-GARDNER E.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 14(4), December 2010, pp.267-288.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Previous studies have shown that children with learning disabilities are more likely to experience behavioural and emotional problems when compared to those without such disabilities. This study compared and contrasted a range of individual, life events, family and socio-economic risk factors associated with young people with intellectual disabilities and with and without behavioural or emotional problems. One hundred and forty one teachers in 16 schools from both rural and urban schools in Northern Ireland completed a postal questionnaire on 249 young people with learning disabilities aged between 11 and 19 years. There were two groups: 155 young people with behavioural or emotional issues, and 94 without. A number of individual, life events, family and socio-economic risk factors were found to be significantly associated with emotional or behavioural problems. In ending, the authors discuss the findings in relation to results from other studies.
Impact of coercive tactics on the decision-making of adolescents with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- KHEMKA I., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53(4), April 2009, pp.353-362.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
High rates of victimisation have raised concerns about the ability of adolescents with intellectual disabilities (ID) to avoid and escape from harmful situations and to make decisions in their own best interest. The present study was designed to assess the impact of specific coercive tactics on the decision-making of adolescents with ID. Forty-eight adolescents with ID participated in the study. They were asked to respond to a series of brief vignettes depicting equal numbers of situations involving coercion with a lure, coercion with a threat, and no specific coercive tactic. Performance was assessed in terms of independent, prevention-focused decisions, reporting decisions and responses to fact and inference comprehension questions. Overall, participants suggested independent, prevention-focused decisions only about half the time. They were more likely to suggest independent, prevention-focused decisions in situations with no specific coercive tactic or coercion with a lure than in situations involving a threat. However, reporting decisions were more likely in situations involving coercion with a threat than in the other two conditions and both fact and inference comprehension were best in situations involving coercion with a threat. Results indicated that adolescents with ID are not well-prepared to handle situations on their own that involve coercion, especially coercion with a threat. Because comprehension did not appear to be a key source of the decision-making difficulty in this study, further research is needed to examine all aspects of the decision-making process as a basis for the design of effective interventions.
Early correlates of behavioural and emotional problems in children and adolescents with severe intellectual disabilities: a preliminary study
- Authors:
- HASTINGS Richard P., MOUNT Rebecca H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 14(4), 2001, pp.381-391.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The parents of 188 children attending schools for those with severe learning difficulties completed the Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC), and a questionnaire asking for demographic details and information about present and early correlates. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to explore whether potential early correlates from infancy could add to the prediction of behaviour problems from established correlates and diagnostic variables. Potential early correlates across all of the DBC domains did not add significantly to the prediction of behaviour problems. However, there were effects of sex, physical ability and diagnostic categories. A number of methodological factors are discussed in terms of how they impact on the results.
Birds and bees
- Author:
- BOND Henrietta
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 15.10.98, 1998, pp.34-35.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
Social worker Dave Widdowson talks about the awkward and complex issues that arise when a young person with learning difficulties begins to mature sexually.
Behaviours in young people with intellectual disability: preliminary findings and implications for injury
- Authors:
- SHERRARD Jennifer, TONGE Bruce J., EINFELD Stewart L.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 22(1), March 1997, pp.39-48.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study is a preliminary analysis of part of a major longitudinal multidisciplinary programme examining psychopathology in young people with intellectual disability. The aim is to assess potential behavioural risk factors for injury in a representative community sample of children and adolescents aged 4-18 years in 5 health regions in the state of New South Wales, Australia. Results show the prevalence of potential injury risk behaviours to be significantly higher in the study group than for young people representative of the general community. Behavioural injury risk patterns in the study group tend to reflect those seen in younger aged children in the general community. These findings suggest that children and adolescents with intellectual disability display behaviours which may increase their risk for injury.