Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Life Skills Group: increasing foundation knowledge and motivation in offenders with a learning disability
- Authors:
- PATTERSON Christy, THOMAS Cathy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 5(1), 2014, pp.4-13.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Offenders with a learning disability present with greater clinical need than those without a learning disability. However, for this client group, access to and engagement with psychological and criminogenic interventions are often limited. The purpose of this paper is to discuss a potentially useful approach to this issue. Design/methodology/approach: A single case study design was used to evaluate an introductory group programme, delivered over 12 weekly sessions, in a forensic learning disability service. Semi-structured interviews were used alongside psychometric measures, which were completed prior to, and following completion of, the group, in order to assess the individual's experience of the group, their emotional understanding and difficulties, and readiness to change. Findings: Readiness to change and emotional understanding improved following completion of the programme. Self-reported emotional difficulties showed improvement, although not all staff reports corroborated this. Notably, the service user reported a positive experience, with increased confidence and motivation to attend further groups. Research limitations/implications: Generalisation from the results of single case studies is limited. Although results suggest that motivation to engage further has increased, more research is required to assess whether this impacts on actual ability to engage. Practical implications: Offering an introductory programme prior to further, more criminogenically focused intervention may be more effective than offering these interventions as the first stage of treatment. Originality/value: An introductory group programme may be potentially helpful in providing the foundation knowledge, confidence and motivation necessary to attend further intervention focusing on criminogenic need for offenders with a learning disability. (Publisher abstract)
From denial to acceptance of sexually offending behaviour: a psychodynamic approach
- Author:
- BEAIL Nigel
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 7(5), 2013, pp.293-299.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Offenders who have intellectual disabilities like any one else may deny their offence. This paper reports a case study of a man who admitted his offence and them accepted probation with a condition of treatment. However, when he attended treatment he denied the offence. Thus do those providing treatment send them back into the criminal justice system or work with them try and help them accept what they have done and provide appropriate treatment to help them reduce future risk of offending. Design/methodology/approach: In this case study the assimilation model was used to understand the process of change and monitor change through exploratory psychotherapy. The psychotherapeutic model was psychodymnamic. Findings: The client demonstrated gains through the stages of the model toward acceptance of his problematic behaviour and continued to work on this through further psychotherapy. Originality/value: The assimilation model offers a useful approach to monitor change in psychotherapy; but especially when the client does not accept the problem the rest of the world feels they have. (Publisher abstract)
Lessons from the front line: working with offenders with learning disability and personality disorder in a high secure therapeutic community
- Authors:
- TAYLOR Jon, TROUT Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Review Journal, 18(1), 2013, pp.44-52.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the experiences of nursing staff providing a residential treatment programme for high risk offenders with an intellectual disability and personality disorder. Design/methodology/approach – The paper's approach is thematic analysis of focus groups, repeated measures EssenCES. Findings – Nursing staff report increased insight into patients' risk factors, improved relationships with patients and enhanced team working. Practical implications – This descriptive paper will be of interest to clinicians working with offenders with intellectual disability and personality disorder. Improvements in team functioning may be of interest to managers. Originality/value – There are few published papers concerning treatment approaches with offenders with intellectual disability and personality disorder. This paper fills some of the gaps. (Publisher abstract)
A therapeutic community for personality disorder in a high secure intellectual disability service: inception and early experiences
- Authors:
- TAYLOR Jon, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 6(4), 2012, pp.165-170.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article explains the reasons for use of a therapeutic community for personality disorder in a high secure intellectual disability service. While no findings are reported, it describes the rationale for, and early experiences of, a therapeutic community intervention for people with mild intellectual disability and personality disorder in a high secure setting. The article describes the allocation of staff and patients to the services, and details staff support and training that has been provided. The article concludes by noting that the ‘whole day’ treatment approach of a therapeutic community enabled the interpersonal style of the offenders with a personality disorder to be explored in depth. The peer pressure and feedback that is a feature of therapeutic communities is an effective intervention for offenders with mild learning disabilities.
Working with people with a learning disability who break the law
- Author:
- LOFTHOUSE Rachael
- Journal article citation:
- Llais, 101, Winter 2011, pp.7-9.
- Publisher:
- Learning Disability Wales
The author briefly highlights research examining why people with a learning disability offend and how best to work with people to manage offending behaviour. She also describes some of her own PhD research which looked at the reasons why people with learning disabilities sometimes behave violently.
The way back: a reasoned and data based approach to increasing community access for sex offenders during and post treatment
- Authors:
- STEVENSON Brandie, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 2(2), 2011, pp.63-71.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Community-based programmes for people with learning disabilities have to decide the conditions under which those in treatment will be able to enter the community. This paper presents how a Community Trust programme, first described theoretically in 1996, will work in practice. From the moment treatment begins, data will be collected relating to how individuals will be able to access the community. Therapists will be able to make decisions on that access, based on data not opinion. Two case examples demonstrate the principles of the trust programme. Community trust for individuals who have engaged in serious, dangerous, or criminal behaviours is a serious issue and therefore must be a well thought out process, and also needs to be data based. The paper shows how community-based treatment programmes give individuals real life opportunities to practice skills in a safe setting and thus transfer what is learned in therapeutic sessions to community application.
Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults with intellectual disability: a review
- Authors:
- REILLY Colin, HOLLAND Niamh
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(4), July 2011, pp.291-309.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reviews attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as it has been studied in individuals with intellectual disability. Despite a reported excess of ADHD symptoms in individuals with intellectual disability, it has been argued that ADHD symptoms have been under diagnosed and inadequately treated in individuals with intellectual disability. The use of diagnostic criteria for ADHD from international classification systems is discussed with reference to the applicability of these systems to individuals with intellectual disability. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and correlates of ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability are examined with reference to published studies. The findings show that the reported prevalence rates of ADHD symptoms in individuals with intellectual disability vary significantly depending on instruments and diagnostic practices employed. Published studies evaluating interventions for individuals with ADHD and intellectual disability are also reviewed. These are found to primarily focus on pharmacological interventions. The article concludes that much less is known about ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability than about ADHD in individuals without intellectual disability. There is therefore a need to clarify baseline rates of ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability and to develop interventions to support affected individuals and their families.
Effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioural treatment for men with intellectual disabilities at risk of sexual offending
- Authors:
- MURPHY Glynis H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(6), November 2010, pp.537-551.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper presents results from a study providing treatment for men with intellectual disabilities who had shown signs of sexually abusive behaviours. It also evaluated the effects of such treatment in terms of the men’s knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and re-offending rates. Forty-six men participated. Results showed that 83% had engaged in more than one incident of sexually abusive behaviour but only 57% of the men who came for treatment were required by law to attend. Ninety two percent of the men who began treatment completed treatment 1 year later, indicating considerable motivation amongst the men to get treatment for their difficulties. The men showed statistically significant increases in sexual knowledge and victim empathy, as well as reductions in cognitive distortions. Few men showed further sexually abusive behaviour during the 1-year period when they were attending treatment or during the 6-month follow-up period. Only the presence of autistic spectrum disorders seemed related to re-offending. This trial provided some evidence of the effectiveness of such treatment for men with intellectual disabilities. However, there remains a need for a randomised controlled trial.
Health service inpatient units for people with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour or mental health problems
- Authors:
- MANSELL Jim, RITCHIE Fiona, DYER Ricinda
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23(6), November 2010, pp.552-559.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper presents findings from a survey was carried out of NHS and independent sector (IH) health settings providing specialist inpatient services for people with intellectual disabilities. Data were collected on setting and patient characteristics, staffing and management and care processes and outcomes. Results revealed that services were very unevenly distributed across England. There were differences between NHS and IH settings. IH assessment and treatment units were bigger, had higher occupancy and lower staff ratio. In all three types of unit, IH units had fewer visits to patients, used more seclusion, physical restraint and had more locked areas. They had more complaints in more services from users and from relatives. In low secure units, they had more adult protection referrals. The authors concluded that the number of people who have finished treatment emphasises the importance of developing housing in the community with sufficiently skilled support. The number of patients in low secure services raises the question whether this type of service is recreating the intellectual disability institutions which government policy intends to close.
National service framework for children, young people and maternity services: continence issues for a child with learning difficulties
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Department of Health
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department of Health
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 23p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This practice guidance describes a care pathway and the considerations which apply at each stage in supporting a child with continence issues relating to a learning difficulty. A exemplar case of a child called Robert, who has learning disabilities and continence problems is used to describe the journal through NHS treatment. For each stage in the journey the relevant standards from the National Standards Framework theme are identified and additional evidence and/or document links provided. Key messages are also summarised. The material forms one of a series of example patient journeys that have been produced to support the National service framework for children, young people and maternity services. The primary audience is professionals from a broad range of backgrounds, including: education, social services and the voluntary sector. It will also be of interest to parents, children and young people.