Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
Results 1 - 10 of 20
Drugs may meet service needs - but they fail the clients
- Author:
- WALSH Paul
- Journal article citation:
- Community Living, 7(2), October 1993, pp.18-19.
- Publisher:
- Hexagon Publishing
Reports on SE Kent HA's approach to severe behaviour disorder, which has developed several drug-reduction programmes with emphasis on client needs and not service needs.
Symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults with intellectual disability: a review
- Authors:
- REILLY Colin, HOLLAND Niamh
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(4), July 2011, pp.291-309.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reviews attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as it has been studied in individuals with intellectual disability. Despite a reported excess of ADHD symptoms in individuals with intellectual disability, it has been argued that ADHD symptoms have been under diagnosed and inadequately treated in individuals with intellectual disability. The use of diagnostic criteria for ADHD from international classification systems is discussed with reference to the applicability of these systems to individuals with intellectual disability. The prevalence of ADHD symptoms and correlates of ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability are examined with reference to published studies. The findings show that the reported prevalence rates of ADHD symptoms in individuals with intellectual disability vary significantly depending on instruments and diagnostic practices employed. Published studies evaluating interventions for individuals with ADHD and intellectual disability are also reviewed. These are found to primarily focus on pharmacological interventions. The article concludes that much less is known about ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability than about ADHD in individuals without intellectual disability. There is therefore a need to clarify baseline rates of ADHD in individuals with intellectual disability and to develop interventions to support affected individuals and their families.
Brief report: a study of the knowledge that people with intellectual disabilities have of their prescribed medication
- Authors:
- ARSCOTT K., KROESE B. Stenfert, DAGNAN D.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 13(2), 2000, pp.90-99.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
People with intellectual disability (ID) are frequently prescribed medication for psychiatric and medical conditions. A questionnaire was administered to 30 people with ID to ascertain the amount of knowledge that they had of their prescribed medication. The questions which appeared to be the most difficult to answer concerned side-effects of medication, alternatives to medication and other medications which should not be taken in conjunction with the prescribed medication. The findings are discussed.
Challenging service
- Author:
- MATTHEWS David A.
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 7.6.95, 1995, pp.59-61.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Psychotropic medication is often used for those with challenging behaviour. Describes the work of a unit with an alternative approach.
Psychotropic drugs in a hospital for intellectual disability: the story of 18 years
- Author:
- ETHERINGTON J.
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 8(3), 1995, pp.184-193.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
Psychotropic prescribing was surveyed over an 18-year period in an intellectual disability hospital between 1972 and 1990. The article looks at the number of inpatients in the hospital, the numbers receiving psychotropic drugs, and the percentage of the population receiving neuroleptics and lithium. Concludes that the changes in prescribing may be partly related to the increased proportion of individuals with more severe psychiatric symptomatology in the population.
A meta-analysis of intervention effects on challenging behaviour among persons with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- HEYVAERT M., MAES B., ONGHENA P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(7), July 2010, pp.634-649.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This meta analysis reviewed the distinct biological, psychotherapeutic and contextual interventions used to treat challenging behaviour among persons with ID and analysed the intervention effects and moderating variables. A literature search was conducted using the databases ERIC, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Medline. A random-effects meta-analysis was carried out, supplemented with sensitivity, subgroup, meta-regression and publication bias analyses. Eighty articles were identified, of which 30 contained sufficient data to enable statistical meta-analysis. Eighteen described a biological, 13 a psychotherapeutic and nine a contextual intervention, either applied alone or combined. The overall standardised mean difference was 0.671. As shown by sensitivity analysis, this summary effect size was robust. Assessed through subgroup and meta-regression analysis, all tested moderators showed no statistically significant association with the treatment effects. After applying several analysis techniques the authors concluded that their meta-analysis did not suffer excessively from publication bias effects. It is concluded that several biological, psychotherapeutic and contextual interventions effectively reduce challenging behaviours among persons with ID.
Children with developmental disabilities and sleep problems: parental beliefs and treatment acceptability
- Author:
- KEENAN Ruth A
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(5), September 2007, pp.45-465.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This exploratory study investigated the relationships between illness beliefs and treatment acceptability among parents of children with a developmental disability living at home who had sleep onset or maintenance problems. A within-subject correlational design was employed. The parents of 58 children each completed questionnaires assessing their beliefs and attributions towards the sleep problem and the acceptability of two common treatments (behavioural and melatonin). Parents believed sleep problems to be chronic, to have negative consequences, yet to be potentially curable/controllable. They rated behavioural treatment and melatonin similarly in terms of acceptability. Behavioural treatment acceptability was related to how long parents believed the sleep problem would last and to a number of causal attributions. The acceptability of melatonin was related to how severe the consequences of the sleep problem were believed to be and to a specific causal attribution. Parents who preferred melatonin to behavioural treatment believed that their child’s sleep problem had more negative consequences on their child’s life. Specific beliefs held by parents about their child’s sleep problems might influence treatment acceptability and treatment choice. Parents are split between those who would prefer behavioural treatment and those who would prefer melatonin. However, as the sleep problem becomes more severe, it seems more likely that parents would choose the pharmacological treatment.
Anger treatment for people with developmental disabilities: a theory, evidence and manual based approach
- Authors:
- TAYLOR John L., NOVACO Raymond W.
- Publisher:
- John Wiley and Sons
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 256p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Chichester
Anger and aggression are prevalent problems among people with developmental disabilities and constitute primary reasons for them to be admitted and re-admitted to institutions. They are also a key reason for the prescribing of behaviour control and anti-psychotic medication to this client group. Stimulated by growing research in this area, mental health and criminal justice professionals have begun to see the benefits of anger assessment and cognitive-behavioural anger treatment for people with developmental disabilities. This text presents a manual-guided cognitive-behavioural anger treatment protocol, grounded in a solid theoretical framework and empirical evidence for its efficacy in clinical practice. The assessment and treatment approach is designed to engage and motivate patients with recurrent and deep-rooted anger problems and their manifestation in serious aggressive behaviour. Accompanying the treatment protocol are a number of worksheets, handouts, and exercise sheets for clinicians and clients that can be accessed online.
The clinical psychologist's handbook of epilepsy: assessment and management
- Editors:
- CULL Christine, GOLDSTEIN Laura H.
- Publisher:
- Routledge
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 240p.,tables,bibliogs.
- Place of publication:
- London
Looks at what epilepsy is and goes on to focus on: neuropsychological assessment; epilepsy and memory; assessment for surgery; the role of anti-epileptic drugs and their impact on cognitive function and behaviour; psychological responses to epilepsy; psychological control of seizures; quality of life; neuropsychological and cognitive assessment of children with epilepsy; assessment and management of behaviour problems in children; and epilepsy and learning difficulties.
Towards an environmental perspective on intervention for problem sexual behaviour in people with an intellectual disability
- Author:
- O'CONNOR Wendy
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 10(2), 1997, pp.159-175.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Describes the evolution of intervention for people with an intellectual disability who have problem sexual behaviour in Australia. Accepted treatments for non-disabled sexual offenders are now being applied to offenders with a disability. Finds that intervention should be broad-based and individualised and attend to deviant sexual preference, patterns of offending behaviour and the environmental context of the behaviour. There is a need for controlled studies to isolate the effects of individual components in multi-component interventions.