Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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The use of the Premack Principle for people with dementia
- Author:
- PARKER Jonathan
- Journal article citation:
- Behavioural Social Work Review, 16(2), September 1995, pp.17-27.
- Publisher:
- Cognitive Behavioural Social Work Group
The identification of rewards is fundamental to the success of any programme based upon operant conditioning. The location, timing, and choice reinforcer presents a significant challenge to practitioners and service users alike. This article explores some of the issues raised when working with people with dementia, and suggests that the Premack Principle can be used constructively when identifying effective positive reinforcers.
Challenging service
- Author:
- MATTHEWS David A.
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 7.6.95, 1995, pp.59-61.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Psychotropic medication is often used for those with challenging behaviour. Describes the work of a unit with an alternative approach.
Cognitive-behavioural treatment of anger intensity among offenders with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- TAYLOR John L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(2), 2002, pp.151-165.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Reports on a pilot study of an elaborated anger treatment protocol comparing the specialised anger treatment with routine care. Detained men with intellectual disabilities and histories of offending were allocated to specially modified cognitive-behavioural anger treatment or to routine care waiting-list control conditions. Treatment outcome was evaluated by participants' self-report of anger intensity to an inventory of provocations and by staff-ratings of the anger attributes of participants' ward behaviour. Participants' reported anger intensity was significantly lower following the anger treatment, compared to the routine care wait-list condition. Limited evidence for the effectiveness of anger treatment was provided by the staff ratings of participant behaviour post-treatment. Calls for further research to examine the mechanisms for change and their sustainability.
A preliminary report on the closure of the Challinor centre
- Authors:
- YOUNG Louise, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 25(2), June 2000, pp.119-126.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Reports on preliminary data for 32 individuals with intellectual disability who were relocated from a large state institution in Australia to small community-based group homes. These results suggest the relocation has enabled a more active and normalised lifestyle. However, community-based services may need to incorporate more effective active treatment programmes if adaptive behaviour gains are to occur.
Adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour in supported employment: initial findings
- Authors:
- MARTIN Neil, JOHNSTON Gayle, STEVENS Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12(2), 1999, pp.149-156.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Evaluates a supported employment service for adults with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour. Outcome measures of interest were related primarily to productivity although challenging behaviour/intervention use was also recorded. The results showed increases in productivity level and/or decreases in the number of prompts used although there was no consistent pattern of change for challenging behaviours. Discusses the implications of these findings.
Video feedforward in the support of a man with intellectual disability and inappropriate sexual behaviour
- Authors:
- DOWRICK Peter W., WARD Karen M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 22(3), September 1997, pp.147-160.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Inappropriate sexual behaviour, paedophilia in particular, is a socially significant issue. When this matter is complicated by issues related to intellectual disability, rights to the least restrictive environment, and public safety, the need to find rapid and effective support becomes urgent. Describes a series of self-modelling interventions in which the self-control elements were displayed on video. The results have implications for adaptations to interventions involving people who experience cognitive limitations.
A review of DRO: the influence of the degree of intellectual disability and the frequency of the target behaviour
- Author:
- WHITAKER Simon
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 9(1), 1996, pp.61-79.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
A review of the use of Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviours (DRO) showed that the majority of people had target behaviour with an initial frequency of greater than once a minute. It is suggested that DRO may not be as effective with lower frequency target behaviours and recommendations are made as to how its effectiveness might be increased.
Autism, families and the behaviourist intensive approach
- Author:
- RANDALL Pete
- Journal article citation:
- Behavioural Social Work Review, 16(2), September 1995, pp.7-16.
- Publisher:
- Cognitive Behavioural Social Work Group
The parents of children with autism are rightly making demands for services and information from social workers and other professionals. Many are aware of the research and practice findings that support the use of behavioural techniques with such children and they want to learn more. Encouraged by parents in America some are particularly interested in the well marketed interventions from the country. One of the most popular is the behaviourist Intensive Approach of Lovas which this paper describes and reviews.
Continence promoting in adults with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- BRADLEY Mary, FERRIS Wendy, BARR Owen
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 27.9.95, 1995, pp.38-39.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Helping to reduce rates of incontinence among people with severe learning disabilities can have profound effects on their self-esteem and on unit running costs. Describes a hospital-based continence promotion programme for people with severe learning disabilities using a behavioural approach.
Overcoming mutism in adults with learning disabilities: a case study
- Authors:
- BELL Dorothy M., ESPIE Colin A.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(1), 2003, pp.47-53.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper considers the case of a woman of 36 years of age with Down's syndrome who had shown selective mutism for over 14 years, although this had become almost complete mutism for the last 8 years. The case was assessed and the woman was asked if she would be willing to participate in an attempt to reinforce communication and to gradually increase the number of words whispered or spoken in the presence of one person at first - the first author. Nonaversive behavioural methods were used and response initiation procedures were developed. Later, generalization of vocalizations to other people in other environments was encouraged. Sessions were carried out three times a week for about 2 months with rapid success. The woman's quality of life at home and her social interactions at the resource centre were also reported to have improved.