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Can the job demand-control-(support) model predict disability support worker burnout and work engagement?
- Authors:
- VASSOS Maria V., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 44(2), 2019, pp.139-149.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Research shows that up to 43% of disability support workers (DSWs) report poor psychosocial work outcomes (e.g., stress, job burnout, low job satisfaction). This study examined whether the job demand-control-(support) model offers a valid explanation of DSW burnout and work engagement. Method: 325 DSWs completed online measures of burnout, work engagement, workload, job control, and supervisor or colleague support. Results: Significant three-way interactions between workload, control and colleague support were found for emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (burnout), and vigour (work engagement). High workload, low job control and low colleague support was related to higher burnout and lower work engagement, and high colleague support or job control reduced the impact of workload on these outcomes. Conclusions: Given the promising findings in relation to the job demand-control-(support) model, organisations looking to enhance DSW wellbeing in the workplace should address issues around job control, workload and support in combination as opposed to separately. (Edited publisher abstract)
Comparisons of self and proxy report on health‐related factors in people with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- SCOTT Haleigh M., HAVERCAMP Susan M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(5), 2018, pp.927-936.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The intellectual disability field has learned about the lives of people with intellectual disabilities (ID), largely from the perspective of their family and caregivers. Information from caregivers has been critical to scientific advancement, especially when caregivers are engaged on behalf of individuals with significant language impairment. On the other hand, the perspective of individuals with ID themselves is critical for internal subjective content such as thoughts and feelings. Methods: Participants were 90 adults with ID and a proxy of their choosing. Results: Overall, self and caregiver report were significantly related for subjective health but varied for physical activity, social support and stress. Conclusions: These findings add to the growing literature establishing the importance of considering the self‐report of adults with ID, particularity when the subject matter focuses on internal thoughts or feelings. Clinical considerations for the use of self and proxy report are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Commonalities and differences in social work with learning disability and child protection: findings from a UK ‘burnout’ national survey
- Authors:
- McFADDEN Paula, MANTHORPE Gillian, MALLETT John
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Social Work, 48(5), 2018, pp.1199-1219.
- Publisher:
- Oxford University Press
Social work with adults with learning disabilities or intellectual disability may be organised as a discrete or specialist area of practice in the UK. Little is known about contemporary social work practitioners’ views of their work with adults with learning disabilities and whether these differ from those of social workers in practice with different user groups or working in other specialities. This paper reports findings from a national survey of UK social workers undertaken in 2015 that measured burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory, across three domains: Emotional Exhaustion (EE), depersonalisation and personal accomplishment. A total of 1,359 social workers responded to the invitation to participate, of whom seventy-seven reported predominantly working with adults with learning disabilities and 358 reported working in child protection social work. Comparisons are drawn between responses from social workers working in these distinct practice areas showing high levels of EE co-existing with high levels of personal accomplishment in both areas of practice. Other important distinctions and similarities are reported. (Edited publisher abstract)
The role of shame in the development and maintenance of psychological distress in adults with intellectual disabilities: a narrative review and synthesis
- Authors:
- CLAPTON Neil E., WILLIAMS Jonathan, JONES Robert S.P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(3), 2018, pp.343-359.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The role of shame in the development and maintenance of psychological distress in adults with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities has been relatively under‐researched. This study provides a review of diverse current research that has implicitly or explicitly investigated shame processes in this population in some form. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was undertaken. An electronic search of four databases identified 17 studies that met the eligibility criteria. Results: Findings indicate that individuals with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities may experience difficulties with both external and internal shame, which appear to be related to increased psychological distress. Experiences of being shamed may significantly negatively impact on self‐to‐self and other self‐relating, processes of social comparison, subsequent self‐worth and emotional well‐being. Conclusion: Shame may be a contributory factor in the development and maintenance of psychological distress and subsequent mental health issues in some adults with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
A preliminary exploration of the Challenging Behaviour Perception Questionnaire: a measure of parental cognitions about challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- ROSE John, NELSON Lisa
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 43(2), 2018, pp.223-231.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Although there has been interest in the influence of cognitions on the relationship between challenging behaviour and maternal wellbeing, there is an absence of measures to specifically examine parents’ perceptions of challenging behaviour. The psychometric properties of the Challenging Behaviour Perception Questionnaire (CBPQ; Williams, R. J., & Rose, J. L. [2007]. The development of a questionnaire to assess the perceptions of care staff towards people with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 197–211) were investigated to assess its applicability to mothers. Method: Forty-six mothers of children and young adults with intellectual disability completed questionnaires regarding their child’s challenging behaviour, maternal cognitions, and stress. A subsample of participants completed the CBPQ 2 weeks later. Results: Examination of the psychometric properties of the CBPQ resulted in a 24-item measure with 6 subscales. Coefficients at subscale level ranged from .70 to .85 for internal reliability and .39 to .93 for test–retest reliability. Evidence of concurrent validity was also found. Conclusions: The CBPQ is a promising measure of perceptions of challenging behaviour and could be usefully employed in subsequent studies. (Publisher abstract)
Parent-related stress of male and female carers of adolescents with intellectual disabilities and carers of children within the general population: a cross-sectional comparison
- Authors:
- PATTON Kiri A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(1), 2018, pp.51-61.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Carers of children with intellectual disability show high rates of parent-related stress and are at an increased risk for deleterious physical and mental health. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the relationship between demographic and social characteristics and parenting stress, within two different cross-sectional samples of carers: those who care for an adolescent with an intellectual disability and carers from a population based sample. Participants were 1152 carers from the Household Income and Labour Dynamic in Australia study and 284 carers of adolescents with intellectual disabilities from the Ask study. Results and Conclusions: The results supported previous research suggesting carers of children with intellectual disabilities experience high parent-related stress. The results also support the buffer model of social support, as high social support was related to lower parent-related stress. Self-rated prosperity, financial pressure and relationship status were also related to lower levels of parent-related stress. (Publisher abstract)
Are parents identifying positive aspects to parenting their child with an intellectual disability or are they just coping? A qualitative exploration
- Authors:
- BEIGHTON Carole, WILLS Jane
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 21(4), 2017, pp.325-345.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Although acknowledging the stress of raising their child with intellectual disabilities, parents also report that their child has brought about many positive changes in themselves and family. This study reports what parents perceive to be a positive aspect of parenting their child, as currently what constitutes a ‘positive’ is unclear. Seven key themes were identified; an increased sense of personal strength and confidence, changed priorities, greater appreciation of life, pleasure in the child’s accomplishments, increased faith/spirituality, more meaningful relationships and the positive effect that the child has on the wider community. Interpretive examination of the themes reveals that the positive aspects identified consist mostly of meaning-focused coping strategies. These enable parents to adapt successfully to the stressful experiences of raising their child and therefore could be amenable to meaning-focused therapeutic interventions for parents with newly diagnosed children or for those unable to identify any positive aspects of parenting their child. (Publisher abstract)
Is there a relationship between role identity, work demands, and burnout in direct care staff working with individuals with intellectual disability?
- Authors:
- OUTAR Cara, ROSE John
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 42(2), 2017, pp.123-130.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background The relationship between work demands and burnout is complex and it is likely that a number of different variables mediate this relationship. The study had 2 aims: first, to investigate whether there is a relationship between work demands and staff burnout, and, second, to explore whether role identity or self-determination mediates this relationship. Method Seventy staff completed measures examining burnout, role identity, self-determination, and work demands. Results A relationship was found between work demands and burnout. Relationships between personal accomplishment, and role identity and self-determination were found. A negative correlation was found between work demands and self-determination. Regression analyses demonstrated that role identity and self-determination did not mediate the relationship between work demands and burnout. Conclusion Role identity and self-determination were associated with personal accomplishment, which suggest that an individual’s view of their work-based role and role-relevant behaviours are important in relation to what they get out of their work. This has implications for training and the design of care roles. (Publisher abstract)
The family caregiving context among adults with disabilities: a review of the research on developmental disabilities, serious mental illness, and traumatic brain injury
- Authors:
- BARRIO Concepcion, HERNANDEZ Mercedes, GAONA Lizeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 19(4), 2016, pp.328-347.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A majority of adults with serious disabilities are cared for in the home by family members. Guided by an ecological framework, this article presents the findings of a literature review of research on family caregiving and family support for adults with disabilities. This review included 33 research studies published between 2000 and 2015 focused on three disabilities: developmental disabilities, serious mental illnesses, and traumatic brain injury. A synthesis of the findings underscores the critical role that family caregivers occupy in addressing the needs of their loved one with a disability; however, the needs of the caregiver are insufficiently met by existing service approaches. A better understanding of the unique needs and strengths of the family support context of caregivers and care recipients is needed, giving greater attention to ethnic, racial, and cultural considerations in future research. (Publisher abstract)
New ways of seeing and being: evaluating an acceptance and mindfulness group for parents of young people with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour
- Authors:
- REID Caroline, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 20(1), 2016, pp.5-17.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
The current study presents findings from an acceptance and commitment therapy-based intervention for family carers of children who have an intellectual/developmental disability and display high levels of challenging behaviour. The parent well-being workshops consist of two workshops incorporating acceptance and mindfulness-based exercises and discussions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five family carers following attendance of the workshops. Participants found the workshops useful and reported that they were better able to cope with stress. They also described how they had incorporated mindfulness into their daily lives and how their practice had had positive effects on their own well-being and on those around them (e.g. their child). Implications of the findings are discussed with emphasis on how the workshops can be included within a positive behaviour support framework. Future directions include a more robust quantitative evaluation, inclusion of follow-up sessions and the application of the workshops with other client groups and in other delivery formats. (Publisher abstract)