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Life events as a risk factor for psychological problems in individuals with intellectual disabilities: a critical review
- Authors:
- HULBERT-WILLIAMS L., HASTINGS R.P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(11), November 2008, pp.883-895.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Stressful life events such as bereavement, moving house and changing jobs have repeatedly been implicated as risk factors for mental and physical ill health. Since the 1940s, researchers have demonstrated the negative effects of stressful life events, refined methods of recording such events and investigated the relative impact of different types of event. These investigations have generally not extended to include people with intellectual disabilities. A narrative review of research on life events as they occur to people with intellectual disabilities was conducted and the evidence that life events function as a risk factor for psychological problems critically assessed. Evidence was reviewed for an association between life events and a range of outcome variables, including affective disorders, challenging behaviour, psychosis and psychological problems more generally. The methodology behind the current evidence base was critiqued and a number of methodological advances that would help to strengthen it discussed. There is reasonable evidence that life events are associated with psychological problems, and that there is some tentative evidence that life events play a causal role, although to date, no relationship with psychosis in people with intellectual disabilities has been demonstrated. Life events are likely to be pertinent in clinical work with people with intellectual disabilities.
The role of shame in the development and maintenance of psychological distress in adults with intellectual disabilities: a narrative review and synthesis
- Authors:
- CLAPTON Neil E., WILLIAMS Jonathan, JONES Robert S.P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31(3), 2018, pp.343-359.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The role of shame in the development and maintenance of psychological distress in adults with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities has been relatively under‐researched. This study provides a review of diverse current research that has implicitly or explicitly investigated shame processes in this population in some form. Methods: A narrative review of the literature was undertaken. An electronic search of four databases identified 17 studies that met the eligibility criteria. Results: Findings indicate that individuals with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities may experience difficulties with both external and internal shame, which appear to be related to increased psychological distress. Experiences of being shamed may significantly negatively impact on self‐to‐self and other self‐relating, processes of social comparison, subsequent self‐worth and emotional well‐being. Conclusion: Shame may be a contributory factor in the development and maintenance of psychological distress and subsequent mental health issues in some adults with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
The family caregiving context among adults with disabilities: a review of the research on developmental disabilities, serious mental illness, and traumatic brain injury
- Authors:
- BARRIO Concepcion, HERNANDEZ Mercedes, GAONA Lizeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Family Social Work, 19(4), 2016, pp.328-347.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
A majority of adults with serious disabilities are cared for in the home by family members. Guided by an ecological framework, this article presents the findings of a literature review of research on family caregiving and family support for adults with disabilities. This review included 33 research studies published between 2000 and 2015 focused on three disabilities: developmental disabilities, serious mental illnesses, and traumatic brain injury. A synthesis of the findings underscores the critical role that family caregivers occupy in addressing the needs of their loved one with a disability; however, the needs of the caregiver are insufficiently met by existing service approaches. A better understanding of the unique needs and strengths of the family support context of caregivers and care recipients is needed, giving greater attention to ethnic, racial, and cultural considerations in future research. (Publisher abstract)
‘He's hard work, but he's worth it’. The experience of caregivers of individuals with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour: a meta-synthesis of qualitative research
- Authors:
- GRIFFITH G.M., HASTINGS R.P.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(5), 2014, pp.401-419.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: This review synthesises the qualitative literature on the perspectives of those caring for a family member with intellectual disabilities and challenging behaviour, with a focus on their experiences of support services. Materials and Methods: A thorough literature search resulted in 17 studies being selected for inclusion in the meta-synthesis. Results: Five primary themes were identified: (i) love, (ii) altered identity, (iii) crisis management, (iv) support is not just ‘challenging behaviour’ services, and (v) the future: low expectations, high hopes. Conclusions: Carers spoke of the deep love for their family member and of the chronic strain the demands of caregiving placed upon them. Support services often caused additional problems and high levels of stress for caregivers, although there were also reports of good practice. The findings may inform clinicians and service providers about how best to support families of individuals with challenging behaviour. (Edited publisher abstract)
Parental experiences of caring for a child with intellectual disabilities: a UK perspective
- Author:
- WILLINGHAM-STORR Gemma Louise
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(2), 2014, pp.146-158.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
A structured literature search and thematic analysis of six research articles relating to stress and parenting of a child with an intellectual disability in the United Kingdom identified four key themes: impact upon families, service provision and support networks, coping and transition. The findings identified that parenting a child with an intellectual disability is not always a negative role; it is a role that parents find both rewarding and empowering. However, the findings of the literature review primarily related to mothers of children with an intellectual disability with very little focus on the experiences of fathers. (Publisher abstract)