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Social support as a mediator of stress and life satisfaction for people with intellectual or developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic
- Authors:
- FISHER Marisa H., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 35(1), 2022, pp.243-251.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Introduction: This study examined factors that predict stress level and life satisfaction among adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of social support. Method: From a larger study about the experiences during the pandemic of 2028 individuals with and without disabilities, 181 adults with intellectual or developmental disabilities (or proxy) responded. Results: Most respondents with intellectual or developmental disabilities (92.8%) reported negative impacts from the pandemic, with 55.2% of the 96 employed pre-pandemic reporting impacted employment, including job loss. The negative impact of the pandemic was a significant predictor of stress level; social support was related to reduced stress. Stress level and the negative impact of the pandemic were inversely related to life satisfaction; social support was positively related to life satisfaction. Social support partially mediated the association between stress level and life satisfaction. Discussion: Comprehensive services and social support systems are needed to combat the impact of the pandemic. (Edited publisher abstract)
The nature of stressors reported by people with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- BRAMSTON P., FOGARTY G., CUMMINS R.A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12(1), 1999, pp.1-10.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There has been little research on stress as perceived by people with an intellectual disability. In this Australian study the administration of the Lifestress Inventory to 459 people with a mild or moderate intellectual disability revealed that people with a disability reported experiencing an average of 8.57 stressors from a list of 31 stressors. When the stress intensity ratings for the individuals stressors were examined it was clear that most stressors bothered the participants 'a fair bit'. People with an intellectual disability reported a lot of stress from negative interpersonal relationships with peers and others.
Job stress, burnout and job satisfaction in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities: community and criminal justice care
- Authors:
- SONDENAA Erik, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(1), 2015, pp.42-52.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare levels of burnout, traumatic stress and resilience amongst Norwegian nursing care staff in two intellectual disability (ID) services. Design/methodology/approach: This was a cross-sectional survey in which 137 staff completed questionnaires measuring work-related stress, burnout, compassion and resilience. Two groups were compared; staff in the national forensic ID services and staff in the community ID caring services. Findings: Nursing staff in the community ID caring services had significantly more signs of stress and burnout compared to the other group. At the same time they were more compassionate. Originality/value: The different caring cultures examined in this study indicated that the forensic ID staff tended to focus on the physical aspects of the caring role whilst the community ID staff tended to focus on the relational issues. The impact of serious events resulted in a higher level of stress and burnout symptoms, however the community carers showed more compassion to their work. (Publisher abstract)
Mediators of well-being in ageing family carers of adults with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- MINNES Patricia, WOODFORD Lynn, PASSEY Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(6), November 2007, pp.539-552.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Increasing numbers of adults with an intellectual disability are being cared for at home by ageing parents. The purpose of this study was to determine whether carer resources (i.e. social support and formal service use) and carer appraisals of ageing and stress/burden mediate the relationships between (1) maladaptive behaviour and carer depression; (2) carer health and carer depression; (3) maladaptive behaviour and carer quality of life; and (4) carer health and carer quality of life. Eighty parents over the age of 50 who were living in Ontario, Canada were interviewed using a number of measures concerning their overall health, perceptions of ageing and stress, depression, and their child's maladaptive behaviour. Carer perceptions of ageing and stress emerged as significant mediators of the relationship between carer health and depression. In addition, perceived carer stress emerged as a significant mediator of the relationship between maladaptive behaviour and carer depression. Resources and appraisals did not emerge as significant mediators in analyses using quality of life as a positive outcome. Results highlight the important contributions of appraisals to well-being and raise questions for future research regarding the role of resources such as informal and formal support in the coping process.
Pro-social behaviour and behaviour problems independently predict maternal stress
- Authors:
- BECK Alexandra, HASTINGS Richard P., DALEY Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(4), December 2004, pp.339-349.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities generally report more stress than other parents. Child behavioural features, and specifically their behaviour problems, have been shown to account for some of the variation in parents' experience of stress. However, there has been no exploration of whether the child's pro-social behaviour is predictive of parenting stress. In the present study, 74 mothers of children with intellectual disabilities completed measures of stress and mental health and reported on their child's adaptive behaviour, problem behaviour, and pro-social behaviour. Regression analyses revealed that the child's behaviour problems were an independent positive predictor of maternal stress, the child's pro-social behaviour was a negative predictor of maternal stress, but adaptive behaviour was not a predictor. These results support the need for more research on the pro-social behaviours of children with intellectual disabilities, especially their putative impact on parental well-being.
Use of group counseling to support aging-related losses in older adults with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- KESSEL Sholmo, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 38(1/2), 2002, pp.241-251.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
With the noted increase in life expectancy of persons with intellectual disabilities (ID), there is a need to provide more physical and psychological preparation for aging and support for these individuals in their middle-age and aging periods of life. It is known that age-related losses result in major stressors and that these can producechanges in the way that older adults think, feel or act. Therefore, having methods and tools to help individuals with ID prepare for and adjust to their losses is important. To address this, the Neve Natoa Residential Center in Israel initiated a group intervention program to test whether a group counseling method could be used to helpprepare adults for changes associated with aging. After ten sessions, an evaluation indicated a positive change of attitudes, improvement of self-esteem, and less extreme behavioural reactions in the period after the intervention.
Factors that affect the physical and mental health of caregivers of school‐age children and transitioning young adults with autism spectrum disorder
- Authors:
- LEE Gloria K., SHIVERS Carolyn M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(3), 2019, pp.622-634.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Although studies have examined quality of life (QOL) among family caregivers of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), little is known about potential differences in QOL based on the age of the individual with ASD, particularly in relation to caregivers’ needs, beliefs and coping mechanisms. Method: This study investigated 132 caregivers of school‐age children and 61 caregivers of transitioning young adults with ASD on measures of caregiving, strain, coping, family needs and QOL. Results: The results indicated that there were no significant differences in QOL based on the age of the individuals with ASD, although parents of children reported significantly more caregiving behaviours, with coping, internalized strain and health information needs predicted mental health QOL. Discussion: Age of the individual with ASD was not significantly related to caregivers’ QOL. More research is needed to determine independent predictors of caregiver QOL across the lifespan. (Edited publisher abstract)