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Can the job demand-control-(support) model predict disability support worker burnout and work engagement?
- Authors:
- VASSOS Maria V., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 44(2), 2019, pp.139-149.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: Research shows that up to 43% of disability support workers (DSWs) report poor psychosocial work outcomes (e.g., stress, job burnout, low job satisfaction). This study examined whether the job demand-control-(support) model offers a valid explanation of DSW burnout and work engagement. Method: 325 DSWs completed online measures of burnout, work engagement, workload, job control, and supervisor or colleague support. Results: Significant three-way interactions between workload, control and colleague support were found for emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment (burnout), and vigour (work engagement). High workload, low job control and low colleague support was related to higher burnout and lower work engagement, and high colleague support or job control reduced the impact of workload on these outcomes. Conclusions: Given the promising findings in relation to the job demand-control-(support) model, organisations looking to enhance DSW wellbeing in the workplace should address issues around job control, workload and support in combination as opposed to separately. (Edited publisher abstract)
Does organizational climate impact upon burnout in staff who work with people with intellectual disabilities? A systematic review of the literature
- Authors:
- THOMPSON Lauren, ROSE John
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 15(3), September 2011, pp.177-193.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article reviews the literature regarding factors relating to organisational climate and burnout in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities. A systematic literature search was conducted for relevant articles from 1990 to 2010. The 21 selected articles broadly fell into 2 categories influenced by changes in the socio-political context and service provision for people with intellectual disabilities. The earlier studies appeared to capture changes that were happening as a result of the deinstitutionalisation process, both in the UK and abroad. As this process came to an end, the later studies appeared to reflect the impact of changes to service provision in terms of a greater emphasis on the interaction between the staff and their environment though the application of work-stress theory, including ‘person–environment fit’ and demand control. Overall, it was found that an organisational climate that has a better ‘person–environment’ fit promotes greater job satisfaction and reduced burnout.
Staff support, staff stress and job satisfaction in working with people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviours
- Authors:
- LEYIN Alan, WAKERLY Eleanor
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 12(4), December 2007, pp.31-41.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
In the context of a staff development programme, the relationships between work-related stress, staff support and job satisfaction were explored among staff groups in two residential assessment and treatment facilities for people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour. Although overall support was relatively high for both formal and informal supports, only the informal supports from colleagues were negatively correlated with ratings of work-related stress. Work-related stress and job satisfaction were shown to be independent factors and thus levels of stress could not be inferred from overall ratings of job satisfaction, or vice versa. The study identified a potentially vulnerable group of staff who reported relatively high job satisfaction but also some degree of stress.
Staff working with people who have intellectual disabilities within secure hospitals: expressed emotion and its relationship to burnout, stress and coping
- Authors:
- LANGDON Peter E., YAGUEZ Lidia, KUIPERS Elizabeth
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11(4), December 2007, pp.343-357.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Studies involving professional carers of people with mental health problems have investigated the relationship between burnout, job satisfaction, the coping strategies employed by carers, and expressed emotion (EE). This study involved carers of adults with intellectual disabilities detained within a secure hospital. Twenty-seven nursing staff completed a Five Minute Speech Sample regarding a keyworked client. EE was coded, and measures of coping strategies, burnout, attitudes to psychiatric treatment and job satisfaction were administered. Sixty-three percent of the sample were coded as having high EE. These subjects reported significantly higher levels of depersonalization and lower levels of personal accomplishment. They used coping strategies more frequently: specifically they reported trying to reorganize their work and to seek support from others. The results are discussed in light of the findings of previous studies. It is noted that the study was not causal and the sample size was small.
Staff morale in day care centres for adults with intellectual disabilities
- Author:
- MASCHA Katerina
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 20(3), May 2007, pp.191-199.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Levels of burnout, job satisfaction and intended turnover of staff working in day care centres for adults with intellectual disabilities are investigated in relation to role clarity, staff support and supervision, and coping strategies used by staff. Thirty six direct-care staff of four day care centres in the West Midlands UK were administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory, The Staff Support Questionnaire (SSQ), and The Shortened Ways of Coping (Revised) Questionnaire (SWC-R). Although staff reported high levels of job satisfaction, they experienced moderate degrees of emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment and reported a high propensity to leave the service. Factors identified as relating to staff morale were staff support and supervision, role clarity, wishful thinking, staff cooperation, and other practical issues regarding the day-to-day running of the service. Staff in day care services for people with intellectual disabilities experience similar stressors to those experienced by staff in residential facilities with the informal culture of the service being of most importance to staff morale. Suggestions for the enhancement of staff morale are provided.
Factors associated with burnout in workers in residential facilities for people with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- SHADDOCK A.J., HILL M., LIMBEEK C.A.H.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 23(4), 1998, pp.309-318.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Burnout is a syndrome which occurs frequently amongst individuals who work in human service occupations. The authors suggest that burnout is comprised of three dimensions - emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Burnout has been shown not only to induce a decline in the quality of care provided to clients by staff, but it also is linked to job turnover, absenteeism and low morale. Reports the extent of association between the burnout scores of residential workers and variables such as religious affiliation, personal relationships, perceived skills levels, job satisfaction, case loads, decision-making and social support. The implications for policy development and service delivery are discussed.
Predictors of job satisfaction and burnout among the direct care staff of a community learning disability service
- Authors:
- DYRER Steve, QUINE Lyn
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(4), 1998, pp.320-332.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This study examined occupational stress amongst direct care staff in an NHS community service for people with learning disabilities. A questionnaire was designed to investigate which characteristics of work had an effect on job satisfaction and burnout. The results suggest that occupational stress amongst staff caring for people with learning disabilities is best reduced by increasing support, since the job is likely to remain demanding. Suggestions are made concerning how support may be increased.
Staff's attitudes and working conditions in community-based group homes of people with mental handicaps
- Authors:
- KROESE Biza Stenfert, FLEMING Ian
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 5(1), 1992, pp.82-91.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
Survey based on a questionnaire showed considerable job satisfaction particularly in the areas of teaching clients and outings with clients, as well as some stress.
Workplace stress, burnout and coping: a qualitative study of the experiences of Australian disability support workers
- Authors:
- JUDD Megan J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Health and Social Care in the Community, 25(3), 2017, pp.1109-1117.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim of this study was to explore disability support workers' (DSWs) perceptions of enjoyable and challenging aspects of disability support work, sources of stress and burnout and the strategies they use to cope when these issues arise. Twelve DSWs workers providing support for adults living with intellectual and physical disabilities were interviewed. Thematic analysis revealed a superordinate theme of ‘Balance’ comprising three sub-themes: 'Balancing Negatives and Positives', 'Periods of Imbalance', and 'Strategies to Reclaim Balance'. Participants spoke of the rewarding and uplifting times in their job such as watching a client learn new skills and being shown appreciation. These moments were contrasted by emotionally and physically draining aspects of their work, including challenging client behaviour, earning a low income, and having limited power to make decisions. Participants described periods of imbalance, wherein the negatives of their job outweighed the positives, resulting in stress and sometimes burnout. Participants often had to actively seek support and tended to rely on their own strategies to manage stress. Findings suggest that organisational support together with workplace interventions that support DSWs to perceive the positive aspects of their work, such as acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches, may help to limit experiences of stress and burnout. The further development and evaluation of emotion-focused workplace therapies, and interventions that consider organisational (macro) factors is suggested. (Edited publisher abstract)
Job stress, burnout and job satisfaction in staff working with people with intellectual disabilities: community and criminal justice care
- Authors:
- SONDENAA Erik, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(1), 2015, pp.42-52.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine and compare levels of burnout, traumatic stress and resilience amongst Norwegian nursing care staff in two intellectual disability (ID) services. Design/methodology/approach: This was a cross-sectional survey in which 137 staff completed questionnaires measuring work-related stress, burnout, compassion and resilience. Two groups were compared; staff in the national forensic ID services and staff in the community ID caring services. Findings: Nursing staff in the community ID caring services had significantly more signs of stress and burnout compared to the other group. At the same time they were more compassionate. Originality/value: The different caring cultures examined in this study indicated that the forensic ID staff tended to focus on the physical aspects of the caring role whilst the community ID staff tended to focus on the relational issues. The impact of serious events resulted in a higher level of stress and burnout symptoms, however the community carers showed more compassion to their work. (Publisher abstract)