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Auditing the care programme approach for people with learning disability: a 4 -year audit cycle
- Authors:
- ALI Afia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Psychiatric Bulletin, 30(11), November 2006, pp.415-418.
- Publisher:
- Royal College of Psychiatrists
Annual audits of the enhanced care programme approach (CPA) were conducted from 2002 to 2005 to evaluate and improve the implementation of CPA in two inner-London community learning disability services. The CPA standards included those stipulated by the Department of Health. The notes of all patients on enhanced CPA were analysed using a structured data collection form. There was a gradual improvement in the attainment of targets by both services. Areas of strength included allocating a date for the next CPA review, crisis plans and documentation of service users’ comments. Areas of weakness included completion and review of risk assessments and the availability of a care plan for the previous 6 months. Completing the audit cycle and reauditing improves attainment of targets and encourages service development, but further progress is required.
Improving the quality of Positive Behavioural Support (PBS): the standards for training
- Author:
- PBS ACADEMY
- Publisher:
- PBS Academy
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 17
These standards have been designed to guide practice and training in Positive Behavioural Support (PBS), an evidence based and ethical way of supporting people with learning disabilities who are at risk of behaviour that challenges. The standards will be relevant for those involved in the delivery, purchase, or commissioning of training. This includes external training providers, in-house training teams, and for the recipients of training. The standards cover seven areas: Training course development and content; Personnel delivering training; Resources and facilities; Delivery of training; Assessment; Evaluation; and Record keeping. (Edited publisher abstract)
Making sense of varying standards of care: the experiences of staff working in residential care environments for adults with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- HUTCHINSON Andrew, KROESE Biza Stenfert
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 44(3), 2016, p.182–193.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Research evidence reveals that adults with learning disabilities who live in residential care facilities are being exposed to considerable variation in the standards of care they receive. High profile cases of substandard care have also raised concerns regarding the appropriateness of existing care provisions and practices. While attempts have been made to understand variations in care standards, there remains a need for more research in this area. Additionally, little attention has been paid to understanding support staff experiences of working in residential services and to developing a more theoretical understanding of the role they fulfil. Using interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA), this study aimed to examine front-line staff members' experiences of working in residential care for people with learning disabilities. Six experienced front-line care workers (four female, two male) took part in semi-structured interviews. Data were analysed according to the principles of IPA, and three superordinate themes were identified as being central to participants' experiences of their work roles: Degree of Positive Relationship Reciprocity; Value Congruence and Intrinsic Motivation; and Experiences of Environmental and Organisational Constraints. Results are discussed in relation to the existing literature on care standards and the factors associated with abusive or neglectful practices, and in terms of their contribution to theory and applied practice. (Publisher abstract)
An evaluation of a behavioural support team for adults with a learning disability and behaviours that challenge from a multi-agency perspective
- Authors:
- CHRISTOPHER Rose, HORSLEY Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 44(3), 2016, p.194–203.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The Dudley Behavioural Support Team (BST) was set up based on Positive Behavioural Support (PBS) principles to support individuals with behaviours that challenge. The Winterbourne Review emphasises the importance of developing high-quality specialist community services and the Ensuring Quality Services (Local Government Association & NHS England, Ensuring quality services, London, 2014) document was released to guide the commissioning of such services. The document sets out standards and guidance for those supporting individuals with behaviour that challenges. This evaluation aimed to investigate whether the BST meets the guidance set out in Ensuring Quality Services from the perspective of other services. A questionnaire was developed to collect data from 19 staff members from services with experience of working with the BST, to address the points raised in Ensuring Quality Services. The quantitative results indicated that the BST are meeting the guidance to a high standard and qualitative data suggested this is achieved through a focus on joint working and a fluid, flexible approach. In conclusion, the BST appears to be a valuable resource from the perspective of services working with them to support individuals with behaviours that challenge. (Publisher abstract)
Supported employment and job coaching: best practice guidelines
- Author:
- VALUING PEOPLE NOW
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department of Health
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 7p.
- Place of publication:
- London
Employment is a priority for people with a learning disability as set out in Valuing People Now. Supported employment is a well-evidenced, personalised approach to working with people with significant disabilities, including people with learning disabilities and autism, to access and retain open employment, with support. The purpose of this document is to give the final definition of supported employment after consultation with a range of stakeholders (including people with learning disabilities, family carers, providers of supported employment and employers) following publication of the draft definition in March 2010. It covers what supported employment is and its guiding principles, who provides supported employment, and the supported employment model. This document is primarily aimed at supported employment practitioners and commissioners to ensure that more people with significant impairments get and keep jobs.
The use of medication to manage behaviour problems in adults with an intellectual disability: a national guideline
- Authors:
- UNWIN Gemma L., DEB Shoumitro
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 4(3), September 2010, pp.4-11.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article provides an overview of the development and contents of a national guideline for the use of medication in the management of problem behaviours in adults with an intellectual disability. MENCAP commissioned the University of Birmingham Neuropsychiatry and Intellectual Disabilities Research Group to develop the guideline and it was produced in association with the Royal College of Psychiatrists’ Learning Disability Faculty and the College Research and Training Unit. The guideline was produced following the methods used by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence, and included a systematic literature review. This guide neither recommends nor rejects the use of psychotropic medications for the management of problem behaviours in adults with learning disabilities, but concentrates on good practice such as employing clear rationales following thorough assessments of individual patients and careful monitoring and recording of use and withdrawal. Twenty-five main recommendations for practice which are provided in the ‘Quick Reference Guide’ are listed in the article. The importance of access to ‘easy-read medication information leaflets’ for people with learning disabilities to be able to make choices is also highlighted.
Care standards in homes for people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- BEADLE-BROWN Julie, HUTCHINSON Aislinn, MANSELL Jim
- Publisher:
- Tizard Centre
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 13p.
- Place of publication:
- Canterbury
National minimum standards for residential care homes were introduced following the Care Standards Act 2000 in response to concern about lack of consistency and poor quality services. These standards are intended to reflect outcomes for service users and to be comprehensive in scope. This study compared ratings made by care standards inspectors with research measures for 52 homes for people with intellectual disabilities serving 299 people. The research measures focused on the lived experience of residential care, including engagement in meaningful activity, choice and participation in activities of daily living. They also included measures of related care practices and organisational arrangements. The research measures were in general significantly correlated with each other. Most of the care standards ratings were also correlated with each other.
Improving the quality of Positive Behavioural Support (PBS): the standards for service providers and teams
- Author:
- PBS ACADEMY
- Publisher:
- PBS Academy
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 39
- Edition:
- Beta version 1.1
These standards have been developed for service providers and teams using Positive Behavioural Support (PBS), an evidence based and ethical way of supporting people with learning disabilities who are at risk of behaviour that challenges. It provides standards and criteria covering five areas: the experience of the person, including children and young people, and those involved in their lives; Assessment; Intervention; Facilities, resources, and workforce; and Keeping all people safe using the least restrictive practice and maximising quality of life. The standards are relevant for all services irrespective of size or ownership and are designed for individual service settings, rather than whole service provider organisations. However, some standards do refer to the policies or practices of the larger service provider organisations within the context of supporting the individual service setting in its implementation of PBS. (Edited publisher abstract)
Development and implementation of autism standards for prisons
- Authors:
- LEWIS Alexandra, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 6(2), 2015, pp.68-80.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the experience of a southern English young offenders institution in developing and implementing standards to improve awareness and care of prisoners with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). Design/methodology/approach: Some contextual factors driving the project are discussed, the multi-agency process involved in the development and implementation of the standards is described and recommendations are made regarding implementation of the standards in other settings. Findings: It is expected that successful implementation of the standards will reduce the level of distress and difficulty experienced by people with ASD who find themselves in custody, it will also improve the prison’s ability to meet the needs of prisoners with ASD and thereby improve rehabilitation and reduce any adverse impact on everyday operational processes. Demonstrating success in meeting the standards will enable the prison to achieve accreditation by the National Autistic Society. In March 2015 the prisons minister encouraged all prisons to follow this approach and this will have practice and resource implications. Originality/value: This paper describes a clear framework which prisons can use to work systematically towards achieving good practice in addressing the needs of prisoners with ASD. It will enable prisons to meet the duties imposed on them by the Autism Act, 2009 and the Equalities Act, 2010. (Publisher abstract)
Valuing employment now: job coaching or supported employment: approach and progress in developing standards
- Author:
- GREAT BRITAIN. Department of Health. Valuing Employment Now
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department of Health
- Publication year:
- 2010
- Pagination:
- 8p.
- Place of publication:
- London
The Government view on supported employment (a personalised approach to working with people with significant disabilities, including people with learning disabilities and autism, to access and retain open employment) was outlined in Valuing Employment Now (2009). This included a commitment to publish standards for job coaching to drive improvements in supported employment provision. Stating that agreement on a definition of supported employment is the starting point in the development of standards for job coaching, this document outlines the Government's draft definition of supported employment. It covers what supported employment is and its guiding principles, the supported employment model and key stages for employer and employee, job matching, arranging the right support, career development, employability skills, and who provides supported employment. It also sets out planned next steps for the Government: making the draft standards accessible; seeking views from stakeholders including disabled people, family carers, providers of supported employment and employers to agree the definition and the terminology to be used to describe both supported employment and job coaches; development of national standards.