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The definition of challenging behaviour in practice
- Authors:
- LOWE Kathy, FELCE David
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 23(3), 1995, pp.118-123.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Two studies explored how severely challenging behaviour might be defined in practice. Associations between behaviour and severity of management problem in the first study suggested that outer-directed behaviour tended to be rated as more challenging. The characteristics of people referred to specialist challenging behaviour services were compared in the second study to similarly labelled people not so referred. Differences again highlighted outer-directed behaviour disruptive to the material or social environment.
Staff activity in supported housing services
- Authors:
- FELCE David, LOWE Kathy, JONES Edwin
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(4), December 2002, pp.388-403.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Variation in staff performance between small community housing services indicates the need for research on the factors which predict high-quality care. The associations between service sector, staffing levels, staff characteristics, internal organization or working practices, non-institutional milieu, and staff activity and the nature and extent of staff attention to residents were explored in a study of 10 statutory, 10 voluntary and nine private sector community housing schemes. There were few significant differences between sectors after differences in resident abilities were taken into account. Higher staff to resident ratios predicted greater resident receipt of attention and assistance but also a lower proportion of time during which each member of staff was directly concerned with residents. A greater range in resident ability predicted lower resident receipt of attention and assistance. A higher proportion of qualified staff was not shown to be a positive attribute but greater prior experience was associated with staff spending more time directly concerned with residents, less time doing 'other' activity and residents receiving more assistance. Measures of the internal organization and non-institutional milieu of the settings were not strongly related to staff activity.
Residential behaviour and staff interaction with people with intellectual disabilities and seriously challenging behaviour in residential services
- Authors:
- FELCE David, LOWE Kathy, BLACKMAN Derek
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Handicap Research, 8(4), 1995, pp.272-295.
- Publisher:
- BIMH Publications
The behaviour of residents with severe intellectual disabilities and severely challenging behaviour and the interactions they received from staff were observed. Eight people lived in traditional hospitals and eight in community settings. The two groups were individually matched by adaptive ability. Looked at two case studies which, with other recent research, point to the impact which the content and focus of staff attention can have on resident activity patterns. Comparison to research on people with less severe challenging behaviour supports the contention that individuals with the most severe challenging behaviours tend to lead more impoverished lives.
Resource input,sService process and resident activity indicators in a Welsh national random aample of staffed housing services for people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- FELCE David, PERRY Jonathan
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), June 2004, pp.127-132.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aims were to: (i) explore the association between age and size of setting and staffing per resident; and (ii) report resident and setting characteristics, and indicators of service process and resident activity for a national random sample of staffed housing provision. Sixty settings were selected randomly from those accommodating six or fewer adults with intellectual disabilities in Wales. Nine settings subsequently withdrew. Information from the remaining 51 was obtained on resident ages, gender, adaptive behaviour, physical and sensory disabilities, social impairment and challenging behaviour, the number and working hours of staff, staff:resident ratios at different times of the day, working practices, resident receipt of attention and assistance from staff and resident activity. The sample of 51 residences was divided into four groups of 12, 13, 13 and 13 settings each, according to ascending average adaptive behaviour scale scores. Age of residence was associated with larger size of residence and fewer staff hours per resident. Higher staffing per resident was associated with smaller setting size. Staffing per resident differed across adaptive behaviour groups to a limited extent. Size and age of residence, working practices, resident receipt of attention and assistance from staff did not differ across groups but resident engagement in activity did. Considerable within-group variation was found. The data illustrate trends in provision over time. In addition, they give a picture of recent practice and raise questions about whether staff input, on one hand, and staff training and performance, on the other hand, are well enough matched to the different needs of residents at different points of the adaptive behaviour spectrum.
Association between the provision characteristics and operation of supported housing services and resident outcomes
- Authors:
- FELCE David, LOWE Kathy, JONES Edwin
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(4), December 2002, pp.404-418.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Variation in outcome between community housing services indicates the need for research on the factors that predict quality of life. The associations between service sector, staffing levels, staff characteristics, internal organization, non-institutional milieu, staff activity, the nature and extent of staff attention to residents and a range of resident outcomes were explored in a study of 10 statutory, 10 voluntary and nine private sector community housing schemes. There were no significant differences between sectors after differences in resident abilities were taken into account. Smaller residence size was associated with lower resident engagement in activity, and did not predict social or community integration. Higher staff to resident ratios predicted lower resident participation in household tasks but a greater frequency of community activities. A higher proportion of qualified staff was not shown to be a positive attribute. Measures of the internal organization of the settings were not strongly related to outcome. Residents receiving more attention from staff predicted greater participation in domestic activities and residents receiving more assistance from staff predicted higher engagement in activity.
The quality of residential and day services for adults with intellectual disabilities in eight local authorities in England: objective data gained in support of a social inspectorate inspection
- Authors:
- FELCE David, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 12(4), 1999, pp.273-293.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Objective data on the quality of 15 residential homes and 17 day centres were collected as part of a Social Services Inspectorate inspection of services for adults with learning disabilities in eight local authorities in England. A sample of 56 residents was drawn from the former and information collected on their behavioural characteristics, social and community integration, autonomy, receipt of attention and assistance from staff, and participation in activity.