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Preventing falls in people with learning disabilities: making reasonable adjustments
- Author:
- PUBLIC HEALTH ENGLAND
- Publisher:
- Public Health England
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Place of publication:
- London
This guide contains information to help staff in public health, health services and social care to prevent falls in people with learning disabilities. It is also intended to help falls prevention services to provide support that is accessible to people with learning disabilities. It sets out the findings of research, highlights relevant policy and guidelines, and also provides case studies and examples of reasonable adjustments. It provides links to online resources and where they can be accessed. It will be of use to family carers, friends and paid support staff to help them think about what risks may contribute to falls and how to reduce these risks. It is one of a series of guides looking at reasonable adjustments in different service areas to enable public sector organisations to fulfil their duties to disabled people under the Equality Act 2010. (Edited publisher abstract)
Reliability and validity analysis of the Stay Well and Healthy! Health Risk Appraisal for persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities
- Authors:
- HAHN Joan Earle, ARONOW Harriet Udin
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(4), July 2011, pp.341-350.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The Stay Well and Healthy! Health Risk Appraisal (SWH-HRA) tool was developed for assessing health and risks of persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). It was developed in the context of a large pilot study of an in-home preventive healthcare programme for persons ageing with IDD. This paper presents the results of reliability and validity assessment of the SWH-HRA tool. The participants of the study were 201 adults with IDD aged 32 or older living in community settings who were assessed using the SWH-HRA upon entry into the pilot study. The reliability of the SWH-HRA tool was assessed using descriptive statistics, scale item analyses and correlation analyses. The findings support the tool’s overall reliability and validity for persons with IDD. They add support for continued use and testing of the SWH-HRA in randomised clinical control trials comparing SWH-HRA use to usual care with persons with IDD. Further psychometric testing is indicated with persons with other types of disabilities.
It can still happen here: systemic risk factors that may contribute to the continued abuse of people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- MARSLAND David, OAKES Peter, BRIGHT Naomi
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(3), 2015, pp.134-146.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper reflects on the response to the scandal of abuse in services for people with intellectual disabilities in the light of research evidence and analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Critical reflection and review of literature. In particular, recent research into possible indicators that a service is at risk of becoming abusive is used to test the hypotheses and implied solutions that are currently being adopted. Findings: The review finds that some of the responses to recent scandals are necessary but not sufficient to prevent future harm. Furthermore, some of the proposed solutions may actually increase the likelihood of further abuse. The paper calls for a broader and more evidence-based response to prevent abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Commentary on “It can still happen here: systemic risk factors that may contribute to the continued abuse of people with intellectual disabilities”
- Author:
- WIESE Michele
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(3), 2015, pp.147-150.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This commentary takes Marsland et al.’s paper about services at risk of becoming abusive to the people they support, as a platform to consider issues around implementation science and its role in minimising this risk. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: The commentary is a selected review of implementation science. The research is used to define implementation, identify prerequisites, selectively review methods and comment on fidelity. Findings: The commentary proposes that implementation science has an important role in ensuring evidence-based practice transfers from research to disability services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention for children with learning disabilities: making use of what we know
- Authors:
- GORE Nick, HASTING Richard, BRADY Serena
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(4), 2014, pp.181-189.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Drawing on existing literature regarding rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties together with risk factors, the authors present a rationale for increasing initiatives for early intervention of emotional and behaviour difficulties. The study finds rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties amongst children with learning and developmental difficulties are high. A combination of factors relating to the child, the family system, and wider social contexts is likely to account for this. Increased attempts to provide early intervention to children with learning and developmental disabilities together with their families are warranted. Recommendations are made regarding how the development of such supports might best be taken forward. (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention and prevention of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by young children with developmental disabilities
- Author:
- RICHMAN D. M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(1), January 2008, pp.3-17.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The ontogeny of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by young children with developmental delays or disabilities is due to a complex interaction between neurobiological and environmental variables. In this paper, the literature on emerging self-injury in the developmental disability population is reviewed with a focus on an operant conceptual model of how topographies of self-injurious behaviour can change structurally and become sensitive to various environmental consequences. Results of previous studies are reviewed in terms of extending our research focus from a reactive model of assessment and treatment of well-established cases of self-injury to an early intervention and prevention model.
Genetic counselling: a consideration of the potential and key obstacles to assisting parents adapt to a child with learning disabilities
- Author:
- BARR Owen
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 27(1), 1999, pp.30-36.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The provision of genetic counselling is now a key strategy aiming to reduce the number of children born with learning and other disabilities. This article considers the reported advantages and limitations of genetic counselling as a key strategy in the reduction of the genetic causes of learning disabilities in children. It also outlines some practical and research steps that could be taken to further enhance the contribution of genetic counselling in services for people with learning disabilities.
Sex trafficking of girls with intellectual disabilities: an exploratory mixed methods study
- Author:
- REID Joan A.
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 30(2), 2018, pp.107-131.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Few researchers have examined sex trafficking of girls with intellectual disabilities (IDs). Drawing from 54 juvenile sex trafficking (JST) cases, this exploratory, mixed methods study compared 15 JST cases involving girls with ID with 39 JST cases involving girls without ID. Findings revealed a disproportionate risk for exploitation in JST for girls with ID, endangering circumstances creating vulnerability among this population, as well as the perpetrator–victim dynamics that complicate prevention and intervention. Complicating dynamics included victim lack of awareness of exploitation and its endangerments, inability of victims to self-identify, and the relative ease with which traffickers manipulated these girls. The disproportionate risk faced by girls with ID substantiates the need for enhanced safeguards to prevent sexual exploitation of girls with ID including stiffer penalties for those who exploit and buy sex with youth with disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
Making a difference: the impact of the Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- HESLOP Pauline
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 43(2), 2015, pp.142-149.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The Confidential Inquiry into premature deaths of people with learning disabilities (CIPOLD) was commissioned by the Department of Health in England in 2010 to investigate the avoidable or premature deaths of people with learning disabilities through retrospective reviews of deaths. Both the process of conducting CIPOLD and the findings of the study itself made an impact on the way in which professionals thought about issues relating to people with learning disabilities and led to changes in policy and practice. Much of the impact of CIPOLD came from arming practitioners, family carers, people with learning disabilities and policy makers with the research findings and encouraging them to take on the mantle of change from there, for example, by increasing the provision of training or reviewing their current practice. There were a number of challenges that the research team faced. First, they needed to ensure the assiduous recording of any impact that took place throughout the duration of the research and beyond. Secondly, they were careful to make sure that as far as possible, professionals were involved and that it was a learning experience for them from which they had something to gain. Thirdly, self-reflexivity on the part of the research team was required in order for them to understand where their own strengths and limitations lay. (Publisher abstract)
Addressing challenging behavior in people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities: analyzing the effects of daily practice
- Authors:
- POPPERS Petra, PUTTEN Annette A.J. van der, VLASKAMP Carla
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(2), 2014, pp.128-136.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
As some people with profound intellectual and multiple disabilities (PIMD) are at a high risk of developing a challenging behaviour, it is useful to look at measures taken to prevent or diminish this type of behaviour. The authors undertook a study of how self-injurious, stereotypical, destructive, or aggressive behaviours are addressed in daily practice in residential facilities. A stratified sample of 30 people with the most severe and frequently reported challenging behaviours was selected from a dataset of 181 children and adults with PIMD. Individual comprehensive service plans were used to determine whether challenging behaviours were present and how these problems were addressed. In total, only 51.8% of the challenging behaviours that occurred were described in the individual plans, and for 53.7% of the challenging behaviours, strategies or interventions were included in the individual service plans. Only 17.2% of the cases contained goals formulated to prevent or diminish such behaviour. A significant positive relationship was found between the severity of challenging behaviour and the extent to which it was described in the individual comprehensive service plans. The authors also noted that interventions that were aimed at diminishing or preventing challenging behavior were highly simplistic, and virtually no goals were formulated to document, diminish, or prevent challenging behaviour in people with PIMD. (Edited publisher abstract)