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The mental health of British adults with intellectual impairments living in general households
- Authors:
- HATTON Chris, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 30(1), 2017, pp.188-197.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: People with intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning may have poorer mental health than their peers. The present authors sought to (i) estimate the risk of poorer mental health among British adults with and without intellectual impairments and (ii) estimate the extent to which any between-group differences in mental health may reflect between-group differences in rates of exposure to common social determinants of poorer health. Materials and Methods: The present authors undertook secondary analysis of confidentialised unit records collected in Wave 3 of Understanding Society. Results: British adults with intellectual impairments living in general households are at significantly increased risk of potential mental health problems than their non-disabled peers (e.g. GHQ Caseness OR = 1.77, 95% CI (1.25–2.52), P < 0.001). Adjusting for between-group differences in age, gender and indicators of socio-economic position eliminated this increased risk [GHQ Caseness adjusted OR = 1.06, 95% CI (0.73–1.52), n.s]. Conclusions: The authors' analyses are consistent with the hypothesis that the increased risk of poor mental health among people with intellectual impairments may be attributable to their poorer living conditions rather than their intellectual impairments per se. Greater attention should be given to understanding and addressing the impact of exposure to common social determinants of mental health among marginalised or vulnerable groups. (Edited publisher abstract)
Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS—LD)
- Authors:
- ASHOK Roy, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, January 2002, pp.61-66.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
Frequent impaired social functioning, problems with communication and associated physical conditions meant that a bespoke instrument was needed for people with learning disabilities. This article describes the development of the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales for People with Learning Disabilities (HoNOS—LD).
Intellectual disability and mental health: is psychology prepared?
- Authors:
- RAZZA Nancy J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 8(6), 2014, pp.381-389.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is threefold: to document the relationship between intellectual disability (ID) and psychopathology; to raise awareness of the ongoing lag in professional training for psychologists in the area of mental health treatment for people with intellectual disabilities; and, to provide recommendations for advancing professional education and, ultimately, adequate mental health treatment availability for people with intellectual disabilities. Design/methodology/approach: The paper reviews the literature on prevalence of mental health problems in people with intellectual disabilities. At the same time, the paper reviews the training of psychologists relative to the burgeoning growth in awareness of the mental health needs of people with intellectual disabilities. Findings: The paper concludes that ID is a significant risk factor for psychopathology. In addition, the paper concludes that the education of psychologists regarding the mental health needs of people with intellectual disabilities is insufficient. The authors document the need for incorporating research and treatment advances related to intellectual disabilities and mental health into to the professional training of psychologists. The paper also describe the potential this training holds for improving both the lives of people with intellectual disabilities and the overall competence of psychologists. Practical implications: This paper provides a literature-based rationale for the need to include education in the mental health needs of people with intellectual disabilities into the general training of mental health professionals. In addition, it provides specific recommendations for how such training can be incorporated into graduate psychology programmes. (Edited publisher abstract)
Overshadowed: the mental health needs of children and young people with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- LAVIS Paula, BURKE Christine, HASTINGS Richard
- Publisher:
- Children and Young People's Mental Health Coalition
- Publication year:
- 2019
- Pagination:
- 42
- Place of publication:
- London
A report, commissioned by Comic Relief, which shows that the mental health needs of young people with learning disabilities are often overlooked despite the increased risk these young people and their families face. The report is based on the results of a series of focus groups with young people aged 11-25, their parents and school-based professionals. It also draws on searches of the literature to identify the number of young people with both learning disabilities and mental health problems, facilitators and barriers to them and their families accessing support and relevant policy, guidance and practice. The report finds that children and young people with learning disabilities at increased risk of developing mental health problems due to social and emotional factors, such as living in poverty, parental mental ill-health and negative life events, rather than their disability. It also identifies barriers to early intervention to tackle risk factors, poor access to mental health services, a lack of joint working between different agencies and a lack of training and awareness in the mental health workforce. The report makes ten recommendations aimed at national and local agencies to help improve the mental health and wellbeing of children and young people with learning disabilities. (Edited publisher abstract)
An exploration of MDT views on key factors to consider when determining a service users required level of security
- Authors:
- KHAN Zulaikha, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Practice, 21(1), 2019, pp.38-49.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify what key factors multi-disciplinary teams (MDT) deem as most important when making the decision to move service users from one level of security (including low, medium and high secure services) to another. The researchers used the findings from this study to further develop a tool; the assessment for level of security tool (ALS), which aims to structure and streamline this decision-making process. Design/methodology/approach: Data from 18 interviews (MDT staff) were analysed using the Delphi technique (Dalkey and Helmer, 1963). This revealed a range of factors discussed when considering service users moves. Participants were asked to rate these factors in accordance with the Delphi which resulted in the removal of certain less important factors based on their scores. The researchers then compared these factors of relevance with a checklist of 16 items previously proposed by a consultant psychiatrist within the trust. This comparison allowed the researchers to highlight any similarities and differences present. Findings: Findings from staff interviews revealed a range of 20 clinical factors perceived as essential to this process including procedural, relational and physical security aspects. However, variations were evident between the MDT priorities (20 items) and the originally proposed list. This emphasised the need for a tool which facilitates a holistic and streamlined approach. Practical implications: The findings from this research have resulted in the development of the ALS tool comprising of 18 key factors. Originality/value: It is envisaged the development of the ALS tool will not only facilitate and structure the decision-making process but also ensure a person-centred approach. This is because the ALS allows for a holistic approach based on an array of factors deemed important to that particular service user. Furthermore, the ALS tool contributes towards the paucity of published structured professional judgement tools needed to make such decisions. (Edited publisher abstract)
Long-term affective disorder in people with mild learning disability
- Authors:
- RICHARDS Marcus, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 179, December 2001, pp.523-527.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
This study aimed to determine risk of affective disorder in those classified with mild learning disability in the British 1946 birth cohort and to investigate whether this risk was accounted for by disadvantage in childhood and adulthood. Showed that learning disability was associated with a fourfold increase in risk of affective disorder, not accounted for by social and material disadvantage or by medical disorder.
Sterilisation
- Author:
- HARRIS Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health and Learning Disabilities Care, 3(9), May 2000, p.315.
- Publisher:
- Pavilion
A man with learning disabilities cannot be sterilised; a women can. The decision rests on the balance of risk to their physical and mental health. Discusses the law using a case example.
Forensic mental health: issues in practice
- Editors:
- DALE Colin, THOMPSON Tony, WOODS Phil
- Publisher:
- Bailliere Tindall
- Publication year:
- 2001
- Pagination:
- 296p.
- Place of publication:
- Edinburgh
In recent years forensic mental health has come under intense scrutiny, particularly with the emergence of specialist qualifications in this area, which has lead to practitioners examining and developing their practice. One of the main problems though has been with publications in this area. Many of them have looked at the theoretical background and individual client problems in forensic mental health but not effective practice as a whole. This book aims to address these issues by looking at effective practice and development as a whole. It aims to provide clear guidance, founded in empirical forensic application, on how to tackle the key issues in practice, particularly in relation to the care and management of diverse client populations, and also stressing the importance of multi-disciplinary teamwork.
There are no easy answers: the provision of continuing care and treatment to adults with learning disabilities who sexually abuse others
- Editors:
- CHURCHILL James, et al
- Publisher:
- Association for Residential Care
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 191p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Chesterfield
Explores issues around sexual abuse and learning difficulty and addresses issues of definition, assessment, treatment and management of people with learning difficulties who sexually abuse others. Section one looks at terminology, sets the context and examines the consequences of inaction. Section two examines issues from the literature, including: definitions of abusive behaviour; definitions of learning difficulty; the extent of sexual offending; men with learning difficulties who sexually offend; women abusers; clinical interventions; pharmacological interventions; work with staff and other carers; and ethical issues; section three defines sexual consent and the duty to report. Section four deals with the responsibilities of commissioners, purchasers and providers and includes chapters on: learning from things going wrong; designing better service responses; keeping people safe; and confidentiality. Section five looks at boundaries with criminal justice and other legal systems. Section 6 examines decision making. Section seven looks at assessment and establishing an understanding of an offender. Sections eight and nine are on assessing risk, treatment and risk management. Section ten deals with managing the service on a day to day basis.