Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Incidence and prevalence of falls in adults with intellectual disability living in the community: a systematic review
- Authors:
- HO Portia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- JBI Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports, 17(3), 2019, pp.390-413.
- Publisher:
- Wolters Kulwer
Objective: The objective of the review was too synthesize the best available evidence on the incidence and prevalence of falls among adults with intellectual disability (ID). Introduction: Falls among adults with ID frequently cause physical injury and may negatively impact on their quality of life. Studies investigating falls among people with ID have used differing methods and populations, making it difficult to determine the scope and extent of this problem. Inclusion criteria: This review considered all studies that included adults with ID aged 18 years and over and which reported percentage/numbers of individuals who fell, and the total number of falls and injurious falls sustained from a fall. Studies were included if they were conducted within community or residential settings. Studies that were conducted in hospitals were excluded. Cohort studies, case-control and cross-sectional studies were included. Studies that used an experimental design, both randomized controlled and quasi experimental design, were also included. Methods: A three-step search strategy was undertaken for published and unpublished literature in English from 1990 to 2017. An initial search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken before a more extensive search was conducted using keywords and index terms across 11 electronic databases. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of the included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute standardized critical appraisal instrument for prevalence studies (Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data). Data was extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute's standardized extraction tool. Data that directly reported or could be used to calculate the incidence and prevalence of falls were extracted. Quantitative data for the number (proportion) of people who fell were pooled in statistical meta-analysis using STATA version 14 (Stata Corp LLC, Texas, USA). Data measuring incidence of falls (rate of falls for the duration of the study) and incidence of injurious falls (rate of falls resulting in one or more injuries for the duration of the study) could not be pooled in meta-analysis, hence results have been presented in a narrative form including tables. Standard GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) evidence assessment of outcomes is also reported. Results: Nine studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Eight articles were observational cohort studies which reported on the incidence/prevalence of falls as outcome measures, and one article was a quasi-experimental study design. Overall the methodological quality of the included studies was considered moderate. The pooled proportion of people with ID who fell (four studies, 854 participants) was 39% (95% CI [0.35%-0.43%], very low GRADE evidence). The rate of falls (eight studies, 782 participants) ranged from 0.54 to 6.29 per person year (very low GRADE evidence). The rate of injurious falls (two studies, 352 participants) ranged from 0.33 to 0.68 per person year (very low GRADE evidence). Conclusions: Synthesized findings demonstrate that people with ID, who live in community or residential settings, may fall more frequently, and at a younger age, compared to general community populations. Studies should take a consistent approach to measuring and reporting falls outcomes. Further research is recommended to identify the impact of falls on health related outcomes for people with ID and subsequently evaluate falls interventions for their efficacy. (Edited publisher abstract)
A review of literature exploring the possible causes of abuse and neglect in adult residential care
- Authors:
- HUTCHISON Andrew, KROESE Biza Stenfert
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 17(4), 2015, pp.216-233.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of empirical research, which explores possible causal and risk factors linked to abuse or neglect in residential care facilities. Design/methodology/approach: Electronic database searches were conducted to identify and synthesise studies reporting on empirical research aimed at exploring causal and/or risk factors associated with abuse or neglect in adult residential care services. Sample characteristics, design characteristics and outcome data were extracted from each paper. This information was then collated and summarised. Each study was evaluated using Sale and Brazil’s (2004), cross-paradigm framework of trustworthiness and rigour. Findings: In all, 17 papers, reporting on 15 separate research studies, met the inclusion criteria for this review. Results revealed that research in this area has utilised a diverse range of methodological approaches to explore abuse and/or neglect within the context of residential services for older adults and adults with learning disabilities. Possible causal and risk factors identified were separated into those that operated at a cultural or organisational/environmental level and those that operated at an individual or interpersonal level. Originality/value: While there are limitations associated with presenting a review of such a diverse group of studies, this paper presents a valuable synthesis of the empirically derived causal and risk factors linked to the abuse and neglect of adults in care. Additionally, readers are able to obtain a comprehensive overview of the quality of empirical research in this area. Finally, a number of applied implications and future research directions are highlighted, which may contribute to the development of further research and ultimately to improvements in residential care standards and a reduction in future instances of abuse and neglect.
People with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities engaging in virtual social contact: a systematic review of the feasibility and effects on well-being
- Authors:
- BAKKUM Lianne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 35(1), 2022, pp.60-74.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, many people with disabilities living in home care facilities could not receive visitors. The use of virtual social contact has been recommended by health authorities. This systematic review examined the scientific evidence of the use and feasibility of information and communication technology (ICT) for social contact by people with intellectual disabilities living in care facilities, and potential effects on well-being. Methods: Five databases were searched using traditional systematic screening and machine-learning supported screening. Findings are presented in a narrative synthesis using thematic analysis. Results: Nine studies were included. We described three themes: means of ICT used for social contact; effects on well-being; and benefits, barriers, and preconditions. Conclusions: Engaging in virtual social contact may be feasible for people with severe to mild intellectual disabilities, but there is little concrete evidence that this can be used as an alternative for in-person contact. (Edited publisher abstract)
Residential school placements for children and young people with intellectual disabilities: their use and implications for adult social care
- Authors:
- GORE Nick, et al
- Publisher:
- NIHR School for Social Care Research
- Publication year:
- 2015
- Pagination:
- 53
- Place of publication:
- London
This scoping review surveyed research and policy into the use of residential schools for children and young people with intellectual disabilities and transition from these settings to adult services. Searches were conducted on the following databases: PsychINFO, Web of Science and PubMed. Thirteen articles are identified: seven examining the child or families’ experiences before placement, four examining outcomes during the placement, and four examining the process of transitioning from the placement and longer term outcomes. The methodological quality of articles retrieved in the review was often limited. Results are discussed in relation to factors that lead to a child’s placement in a residential school, such as behaviour that challenges; children and families’ experiences of the placement; and outcomes following placement in a residential school and/or transition to an adult service. Results found that relatively little is known about both use of, and transition from, residential schooling for children and young people with intellectual disabilities in the UK. The review also found that a high proportion of young people in residential schools may be transferred to out-of-area residential placements on reaching adulthood. A number of research priorities are highlighted based on gaps in the literature. Examples of alternative forms of support from clinical practice such as intensive support teams are provided, with recognition that a multi-element model is likely to be needed to provide high quality support to this group of young people. (Edited publisher abstract)