Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Screening for intellectual disability in children: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- MCKENZIE Karen, MEGSON Paula
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 25(1), January 2012, pp.80-87.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Noting increasing interest in the use of screening tools for early identification of possible intellectual disability, and the difficulty in identifying children with intellectual disability at an early age, this study reviews the literature to investigate how well screening tools identify children with an intellectual disability. It includes an introduction to the subject and a table summarising the psychometric characteristics required of a good screening tool. Database and reference searches for English language articles from 1990 to 2009, followed by detailed examination of studies, identified only one article which examined the ability of an assessment to specifically identify children with a potential intellectual disability. However, the review's overall conclusion was that no single screening tool which was reviewed was shown to be sufficiently valid or reliable to use to identify children with a probable intellectual disability. The authors highlight areas for future researchers to address in developing a screening tool.
A structural analysis of families adopting special-needs children
- Authors:
- GROZE Victor, ROSENTHAL James A.
- Journal article citation:
- Families in Society, 72(8), 1991, pp.469-482.
- Publisher:
- The Alliance for Children and Families
Describes research carried out to identify the characteristics of families who were successful in adopting special needs children and draws out some implications for practice,
Negotiating with gatekeepers in research with disadvantaged children: a case study of children of mothers with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- COLLINGS Susan, GRACE Rebekah, LLEWELLYN Gwynnyth
- Journal article citation:
- Children and Society, 30(6), 2016, p.499–509.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Child-oriented researchers have long recognised children's right to be heard in research about their lives and, as experts about childhood, their perspectives should inform social policy and research. While it is encouraging that more children are consulted about matters of importance to them, some children's voices remain silenced. When researchers have to liaise with adults, such as parents and social workers, to recruit children, these adults make decisions about who participates. An account of recruiting children of mothers with intellectual disability, a potentially disadvantaged group, is presented. The reasons for gatekeeping and the implications of this are explored. (Publisher abstract)
Family intervention and acquisition of adaptive behaviour among intellectually disabled children
- Authors:
- SWAMIDHAS Paul, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8(4), December 2004, pp.383-395.
- Publisher:
- Sage
A trial was designed to evaluate the role of enhanced parental attitude towards management of intellectual disability in the acquisition of adaptive behaviour. Fifty-seven children with intellectual disability and their parents were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of either multimodal adaptive behaviour training plus interactive group psycho-education (intervention group); or multimodal adaptive behaviour training plus didactic lectures (control group). Blinded raters were involved. Completers’ and intention-to-treat analyses were conducted. In the intention-to-treat sample, 22 of 29 children in the intervention group compared with four of 28 children in the control group showed a significant improvement in the acquisition of adaptive behaviour. The minimum additive efficacy provided by the enhanced parental attitude was 80 percent. Meaningful clinical benefits on various measures were found for the intervention group after training. Parental attitude intervention should be included in adaptive behaviour training for children with intellectual disability, as enhanced parental attitude has short-term positive effects.
Personal accounts: involving disabled children in research
- Author:
- BERESFORD Bryony
- Publisher:
- Stationery Office/University of York. Social Policy Research Unit
- Publication year:
- 1997
- Pagination:
- 107p.,bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
Reviews the methods used to access the views and experiences of disabled children, including those with speech and learning difficulties. The methodological review is placed in the context of the theoretical, moral and policy arguments that have promoted this shift towards child-centred research. The ethical implications of working directly with children are also considered.
Consulting the children: interviews with children using residential respite care services
- Authors:
- MINKES John, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 9(1), 1994, pp.47-57.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The Children Act 1989 requires that services for children are provided in partnership with parents and that the wishes and feelings of the child and his/her parents are ascertained and given due consideration (s22). As part of a research project assessing the quality of services to children with disabilities under the Children Act, an evaluation of six residential respite care services was carried out. The services were used mainly by children with learning difficulties, some of whom had little or no speech. Staff at the schools attended by the children were asked to interview them, so that their views could be included in the evaluation reports. Interview schedules and aids to communication were devised to try and enable all the children to express their views. This article describes the initial schedules and the changes made in the light of experience during the research. The children's responses are summarised and consideration is given as to how the process of consultation could be improved in future.
Methodological issues for qualitative research with learning disabled children
- Author:
- KELLY Berni
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 10(1), February 2007, pp.21-35.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper discusses key methodological issues for qualitative research with learning disabled children, based on the author's experience of involving learning disabled children in her doctoral study. The study was founded on the social model of disability and a sociological understanding of childhood that recognizes the abilities of disabled children as competent research participants. Issues that arose throughout the research process, from the early stages of gaining access to children, to communication challenges for interviewing learning disabled children, and the analysis and dissemination of data, are discussed. Within this context, this paper explores key methodological issues for researchers with regard to interviewing learning disabled children and actively involving them in qualitative research.
The relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with autism and maternal stress
- Authors:
- TOMANIK Stacey, HARRIS Gerald E., HAWKINS Jacqueline
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(1), March 2004, pp.16-26.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The present study investigated the relationship between behaviours exhibited by children with pervasive developmental disorders, particularly autism, and maternal stress levels. Participants consisted of 60 mothers who had a child diagnosed with a pervasive developmental disorder by an independent practitioner using DSM-IV criteria. Children were between 2 and 7 years of age. Mothers completed the following self-report measures: the Parenting Stress Index (short-form), the Aberrant Behavior Checklist, AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scales and a demographic questionnaire. Two-thirds of the participants in the sample evidenced stress scores that were significantly elevated. Regression analyses revealed that child maladaptive behaviour and child adaptive behaviour accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in maternal stress. Methodological issues and considerations for future research are discussed.
A videotaped self-modelling and self-monitoring treatment programme to decrease off-task behaviour in children with autism
- Authors:
- COYLE Catherine, COLE Peter
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(1), March 2004, pp.3-15.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
The value of a videotaped self-modelling and self-monitoring treatment programme was investigated in the present study. The focus was the effect of the treatment programme on the off-task classroom behaviour of 3 male children with autism. The participants were aged between 9 and 11 years. Two of the children were described as severely autistic and the other was described as moderately autistic. All 3 had deficient cognitive skills. Each of the studies in the research project employed a single-subject withdrawal design. The first two studies followed an A-B-A design and the third followed an A-B-A-C-A design. The results indicated considerable decreases in off-task behaviour during the period of intervention. Both short-term and long-term maintenance gains were in evidence. The intervention was then reimplemented during follow-up and similar reductions in off-task behaviour were demonstrated. Attention theory was used to support the outcomes of the research.
Statistics of Japanese with disabilities
- Author:
- SATO Hisao
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Social Policy and Social Work, 6, March 2002, pp.61-75.
- Publisher:
- Japan College of Social Work
Although current statistics offer valuable insights, there is the need to discover cross disability and cross life stage prevalence of persons with disabilities. This paper offers an evaluation of current statistics and offers suggestions for further research.