Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Changing behaviour through relocation
- Author:
- MACLEOD Fiona
- Journal article citation:
- Nursing Times, 27.9.01, 2001, pp.40-41.
- Publisher:
- Nursing Times
Looks at how a move into a community home has altered the behaviour of four people with learning disabilities.
The nature and rate of behaviour that challenges in individuals with intellectual disabilities who have hearing impairments/deafness (a longitudinal prospective cohort survey)
- Authors:
- BUSKERMOLEN Willem Meindert, HOEKMAN Joop, ALDENKAMP Albert Pierre
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 45(1), 2017, pp.32-38.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: In this article, the authors describe a study of the prevalence of behaviour that challenges and which internal factors are related to behaviour that challenges in 21 people (fourteen are male, seven are female, varying in age from 12.4 to 42 years; mean 26.6, SD 7.27) with intellectual disabilities who have hearing impairments. Materials and Methods: Data were obtained by recording behaviour on a daily basis during one year using the ‘Individual Behaviour Observation and Rating Scale’ that was developed especially for this study. Results: It was found that 100% of the participants in this study showed behaviour that challenges, although this was not observed every day in each participant. Prevalence rates during a year varied from 1.8% to 77.3%. On average, the prevalence rate was 28.9%. The auhtors found a significantly negative correlation between behaviour that challenges and delay of communication as well as the level of social independence. They also found that in people with autism spectrum disorder, the prevalence of behaviour that challenges was significantly higher than in people without autism spectrum disorder. The level of intellectual disability as well as the level of hearing impairments was not related to the prevalence of behaviour that challenges. Conclusion: Because there are several patterns of increasing and decreasing behaviour that challenges throughout the day, it is not possible to draw one conclusion on this issue for the whole group. However, where certain individual patterns can be recognised, it is possible to make individual plans for the clients. This could mean an improvement in daily care and as a result an improvement in the quality of life for people with intellectual disability who have hearing impairments. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. (Edited publisher abstract)
Positive behaviour support: what model of disability does it represent?
- Authors:
- GREY Ian, LYDON Helena, HEALY Olive
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 41(3), 2016, pp.255-266.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Positive behaviour support (PBS) has become well established as an intervention approach for individuals with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour. However, what remains unexplored is the relationship between PBS and the medical and social models of disability, which historically are the dominant conceptual frameworks put forward in understanding disability. This paper identifies the difficulties in exploring this relationship due to the often simplistic portrayals of such models. Though PBS has a change agenda, typically a characteristic of the medical model, it is change at an ecological level that is central to PBS. An analysis of the practices of PBS demonstrates a concern with pragmatically identifying the interaction between person and environment to reduce the occurrence of challenging behaviour. PBS practices are considered to be more aligned with a supports model because they build an individual ecology of support tied to meaningful quality of life outcomes for individuals with challenging behaviour. (Publisher abstract)
Self-appraised lifestyle satisfaction of persons with intellectual disability: the impact of personal characteristics and community residential facilities
- Author:
- SCHWARTZ Chaya
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 28(3), September 2003, pp.227-240.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This study interviewed a total of 247 adults with intellectual disability from residents group homes, semi-independent and independent apartments in the community in Israel using the lifestyle satisfaction scale. Results found that residents personal and behavioural characteristics explained more of the variance of total lifestyle than the living arrangement. Among personal and behavioural variables, only need for mobility assistance and level of challenging behaviour predicted lifestyle satisfaction. Living in a semi- independent apartment made a significant and independent contribution to the total lifestyle satisfaction over and above the contribution made by personal and behavioural characteristics. However, participants who did not live in a semi-independent apartment expressed more lifestyle satisfaction than those who did.
The long term effects of relocation on people with an intellectual disability: quality of life, behaviour, and environment
- Authors:
- COOPER Brian, PICTON Cliff
- Journal article citation:
- Research on Social Work Practice, 10(2), March 2000, pp.195-208.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article reports on the long term effects of relocation on a sample of people with an intellectual disability who moved from an institution to the community and other institutions. Data were gathered for 3 years after relocation. Results revealed that a move to supported community residences and to refurbished units within other institutions was associated with increased quality of life/care and, for interinstitutional movers, decreased challenging behaviours. It is concluded that positive outcomes result from community placement and interinstitutional relocation. The implications and limitations of this evidence for social work research and practice are discussed.
Self-injurious behaviour: what do we know and where are we going
- Author:
- MURPHY Glynis
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 4(1), January 1999, pp.5-12.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Self-injurious behaviour can become an intransigent difficulty, reduce people's quality of life and lead to hospital admissions or other restrictive outcomes. Over the last 15 years there have been some important developments in the treatment of severe self-injury, but the evidence is that these are making little impact on most people's lives. The reasons why this might be are discussed, and it is proposed that it is time for a radical new approach to interventions for self-injurious behaviour.
Overcoming mutism in adults with learning disabilities: a case study
- Authors:
- BELL Dorothy M., ESPIE Colin A.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 31(1), 2003, pp.47-53.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper considers the case of a woman of 36 years of age with Down's syndrome who had shown selective mutism for over 14 years, although this had become almost complete mutism for the last 8 years. The case was assessed and the woman was asked if she would be willing to participate in an attempt to reinforce communication and to gradually increase the number of words whispered or spoken in the presence of one person at first - the first author. Nonaversive behavioural methods were used and response initiation procedures were developed. Later, generalization of vocalizations to other people in other environments was encouraged. Sessions were carried out three times a week for about 2 months with rapid success. The woman's quality of life at home and her social interactions at the resource centre were also reported to have improved.