Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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An exploratory study of the knowledge of personal safety skills among children with developmental disabilities and their parents
- Authors:
- MILLER Hannah L., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 30(2), 2017, pp.290-300.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: This study assessed the knowledge of personal safety skills among children with developmental disabilities and their parents' perceptions of children's knowledge. Method: This exploratory study examined the mental health records of 37 children with developmental disabilities referred for an abuse risk reduction group in a community mental health setting. Qualitative analysis of children's responses to questions about personal safety skills (knowledge related to physical development and personal safety, an appropriate and inappropriate touch and safety skills to respond to an inappropriate touch) indicated participants' varied and inconsistent levels of knowledge. Results: Consistent with the literature, the results indicate risk factors for sexual abuse among children with developmental disabilities, including children's difficulty distinguishing between an appropriate and inappropriate touch and the lack of knowledge regarding appropriate venues for disclosing an inappropriate touch. Among parents, a lack of certainty regarding their children's knowledge and the ability to keep themselves safe was identified. Conclusion: Results support the need for education about personal safety for children with developmental disabilities and their families. (Publisher abstract)
Exorcising restraint: reducing the use of restrictive interventions in a secure learning disability service
- Author:
- RIDING Tim
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 7(4), 2016, pp.176-185.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the nature and impact of a restraint reduction strategy implemented within a secure learning disability service in response to the national Positive and Safe programme. Design/methodology/approach: The strategy was comprised of three primary interventions – Safewards, positive behavioural support and data-informed practice – and utilised a programme management approach to ensure effective delivery. Baseline measures were collected from 12 months of data prior to implementation of the programme and the frequency of each category of restrictive intervention was then measured prospectively on a monthly basis throughout the duration of the programme. Findings: Upon completion of the programme the following results were achieved: elimination of prone restraint – elimination of mechanical restraint – 42 per cent reduction in general use of restraint – 42 per cent reduction in use of seclusion – 52 per cent reduction in rapid tranquilisation. Originality/value: The paper adds to the growing body of evidence that carefully designed interventions can reduce the frequency of seclusion and restraint. In this case, Safewards and PBS have combined to exert their effect. Data-led practice and senior leadership were also found to be of critical importance. Finally, the need for a stable workforce is considered. (Publisher abstract)
‘I walk from trouble’: exploring safeguards with adults with intellectual disabilities – an Australian qualitative study
- Authors:
- OTTMANN Goetz, McVILLY Keith, MARAGOUDAKI Margarita
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 31(1), 2016, pp.47-63.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
People living with intellectual disabilities have a right to be safe from abuse and neglect and have a right to be included in the decision-making process determining safeguards that will affect them. However, the research evidence that could underpin good professional practice in terms of co-producing safeguards against abuse and neglect directly involving people with intellectual disabilities is largely missing. This article, based on qualitative research involving semi-structured interviews conducted during the first half of 2014, seeks to strengthen this evidence base. It reports on the prevention strategies identified by 12 adults with intellectual disabilities about how to stay safe and compares these with the findings of similar research. The article suggests that a comprehensive safeguarding approach comprises both life course-focused safety training and access to assisted decision-making. The article argues that given the plethora of risk situations encountered by people living with intellectual disability, assisted decision-making should take the form of a co-creation process that is situation specific and grounded in everyday life. (Publisher abstract)
Cancer screening for people with learning disabilities and the role of the screening liaison nurse
- Authors:
- MARRIOTT Anna, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(4), 2015, pp.239-246.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper describes the role of the screening liaison nurses for adults with learning disabilities employed by Peninsula Community Health. Design/methodology/approach: This paper reports on the national situation in regard to cancer screening for people with learning disabilities and explores the barriers which limit their participation in these screening programmes. It describes the screening liaison nurse role and presents case examples of the work they do. Findings: The local screening rates for people with learning disabilities have increased since the creation of this role in 2011. (Edited publisher abstract)
It can still happen here: systemic risk factors that may contribute to the continued abuse of people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- MARSLAND David, OAKES Peter, BRIGHT Naomi
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(3), 2015, pp.134-146.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper reflects on the response to the scandal of abuse in services for people with intellectual disabilities in the light of research evidence and analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Critical reflection and review of literature. In particular, recent research into possible indicators that a service is at risk of becoming abusive is used to test the hypotheses and implied solutions that are currently being adopted. Findings: The review finds that some of the responses to recent scandals are necessary but not sufficient to prevent future harm. Furthermore, some of the proposed solutions may actually increase the likelihood of further abuse. The paper calls for a broader and more evidence-based response to prevent abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Commentary on “It can still happen here: systemic risk factors that may contribute to the continued abuse of people with intellectual disabilities”
- Author:
- WIESE Michele
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(3), 2015, pp.147-150.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This commentary takes Marsland et al.’s paper about services at risk of becoming abusive to the people they support, as a platform to consider issues around implementation science and its role in minimising this risk. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: The commentary is a selected review of implementation science. The research is used to define implementation, identify prerequisites, selectively review methods and comment on fidelity. Findings: The commentary proposes that implementation science has an important role in ensuring evidence-based practice transfers from research to disability services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention for children with learning disabilities: making use of what we know
- Authors:
- GORE Nick, HASTING Richard, BRADY Serena
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(4), 2014, pp.181-189.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Drawing on existing literature regarding rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties together with risk factors, the authors present a rationale for increasing initiatives for early intervention of emotional and behaviour difficulties. The study finds rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties amongst children with learning and developmental difficulties are high. A combination of factors relating to the child, the family system, and wider social contexts is likely to account for this. Increased attempts to provide early intervention to children with learning and developmental disabilities together with their families are warranted. Recommendations are made regarding how the development of such supports might best be taken forward. (Edited publisher abstract)
Access to cancer screening by people with learning disabilities in England 2012/13: information from the Joint Health and Social Care Assessment Framework
- Authors:
- GLOVER Gyles, CHRISTIE Anna, HATTON Chris
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(4), 2014, pp.194-198.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper presents information from the Joint Health and Social Care Self-Assessment Framework (JHSCSAF) on reported rates of cervical cancer, breast cancer and bowel cancer screening for eligible people with learning disabilities in England in 2012/2013 compared to screening rates for the general population. Between 94 and 101 Learning Disability Partnership Boards, as part of the JHSCSAF, provided information to allow the calculation of rates of cervical cancer, breast cancer and bowel cancer screening in their locality, for eligible people with learning disabilities and for the population as a whole. At a national level, reported cancer screening coverage for eligible people with learning disabilities was substantially lower than for the population as a whole (cervical cancer screening 27.6 per cent of people with learning disabilities vs 70 per cent of total population; breast cancer screening 36.8 per cent of people with learning disabilities vs 57.8 per cent of total population; bowel cancer screening 28.1 per cent of people with learning disabilities vs 40.5 per cent of the general population). There were considerable geographical variations in reported coverage for all three screening programmes. It is concluded that there is an urgent need to address data availability and quality issues, as well as reasonable adjustments to cancer screening programmes to ensure uniformly high rates of cancer screening for people with learning disabilities across England. (Edited publisher abstract)
A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and respond to violence against persons with disabilities
- Authors:
- MIKTON Christopher, MAGUIRE Holly, SHAKESPEARE Tom
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 29(17), 2014, pp.3207-3226.
- Publisher:
- Sage
A systematic review to appraise the quality of, and synthesize the evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to prevent and mitigate the consequences of interpersonal violence against people with all types of disabilities. The method used consisted of searches of eleven electronic databases, hand searches of three journals, scanning of reference lists of review articles, contact with experts, appraisal of risk of bias using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies, and narrative synthesis of results. This resulted in 736 titles being identified, 10 of which met the inclusion criteria and 6 and 2 addressed people with intellectual disabilities and developmental disabilities, respectively. Only one was from a low- and middle-income country. All studies received a weak rating on the quality assessment tool and none could be considered effective after taking risk of bias into account. In sum, the current evidence base offers little guidance to policy makers, program commissioners, and persons with disabilities for selecting interventions. More and higher quality research is required, particularly from low- and middle-income countries and on other forms of disability such as physical impairments, sensory impairments, and mental health conditions. (Edited publisher abstract)
The circumstances and impact of injuries on adults with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- FINLAYSON Janet, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 77(8), 2014, pp.400-409.
- Publisher:
- Sage
Introduction: People with learning disabilities experience higher rates of injury compared to the general population, but little is known about the circumstances and perceived impact of these injuries on people with learning disabilities themselves. Method: Content analysis was conducted from interviews with 113 adults with learning disabilities who had at least one injury in a 12–month period. Qualitative interviews were conducted with ten adults with learning disabilities (and their carers where appropriate) who had experienced serious or frequent injury or frequent falls with or without injury in a 12–month period. Findings: The most commonly reported contributory factors for injuries and/or falls were related to physical health status (for example, epilepsy) and the environment (for example, walking/banging into furniture or stairs/steps). In terms of perceived impact, the development of fear of walking outdoors unsupported or fear of crossing a road were highlighted. The non-use and misuse of assistive technology was also highlighted as a concern. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that occupational therapists have a key role to play in tailoring injury and fall prevention strategies and interventions for people with learning disabilities. In particular, environmental assessment and monitored use of assistive technology is important. (Publisher abstract)