Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Fall prevention for people with learning disabilities: key points and recommendations for practitioners and researchers
- Author:
- FINLAYSON Janet
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 23(2), 2018, pp.91-99.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide a narrative review of what is currently known about the high rates of falls, and fall injuries, which are experienced by people with learning disabilities (LDs) throughout their lives. Design/methodology/approach: Narrative review. Current evidence is summarised as key points and recommendations for practitioners and researchers. Findings: People with LDs experience similar rates of falls as older adults in the wider population, but throughout their lives, or at an earlier age. Originality/value: Key points and recommendations are summarised for practitioners and researchers to promote fall prevention strategies and interventions for people with LDs. (Edited publisher abstract)
It can still happen here: systemic risk factors that may contribute to the continued abuse of people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- MARSLAND David, OAKES Peter, BRIGHT Naomi
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 20(3), 2015, pp.134-146.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: This paper reflects on the response to the scandal of abuse in services for people with intellectual disabilities in the light of research evidence and analysis. Design/methodology/approach: Critical reflection and review of literature. In particular, recent research into possible indicators that a service is at risk of becoming abusive is used to test the hypotheses and implied solutions that are currently being adopted. Findings: The review finds that some of the responses to recent scandals are necessary but not sufficient to prevent future harm. Furthermore, some of the proposed solutions may actually increase the likelihood of further abuse. The paper calls for a broader and more evidence-based response to prevent abuse. (Edited publisher abstract)
Early intervention for children with learning disabilities: making use of what we know
- Authors:
- GORE Nick, HASTING Richard, BRADY Serena
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 19(4), 2014, pp.181-189.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Drawing on existing literature regarding rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties together with risk factors, the authors present a rationale for increasing initiatives for early intervention of emotional and behaviour difficulties. The study finds rates of emotional and behavioural difficulties amongst children with learning and developmental difficulties are high. A combination of factors relating to the child, the family system, and wider social contexts is likely to account for this. Increased attempts to provide early intervention to children with learning and developmental disabilities together with their families are warranted. Recommendations are made regarding how the development of such supports might best be taken forward. (Edited publisher abstract)
Cancer screening in women with intellectual disabilities an Irish perspective
- Authors:
- REIDY Mary, DENIEFFE Suzanne, FORAN Sinead
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 18(1), 2014, pp.51-60.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
In the Republic of Ireland, more than 8000 women with intellectual disabilities (IDs), aged 20 years and over, are registered for service provision. Their health needs challenge preventative health services including breast and cervical cancer screening programmes. This review explores the literature about cancer screening participation rates and issues related to screening for Irish women with IDs. Low cancer screening participation rates are evident in Irish women with IDs; and the women shed light on the barriers they perceive related to the screening experience. These experiences are reflected in the international literature for women with IDs. Further research involving the assessment of the breast and cervical cancer awareness in Irish women with IDs and their participation in cancer screening programmes is recommended. Strategies are required to increase their participation in screening programmes that may lead to the earlier diagnosis with better outcomes. (Publisher abstract)
Sexual abuse of individuals with disabilities: prevention strategies for clinical practice
- Author:
- MCEACHERN Adriana G.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 21(4), July 2012, pp.386-398.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Sexual abuse of those with disabilities is prevalent, although the incidence of such abuse is difficult to determine. Although all US states maintain statistics on child sexual abuse, the rate of victimization for individuals with disabilities is not specific. This paper reviews several studies conducted on sexual abuse of individuals with disabilities with a focus on clinical prevention strategies. The author suggests that prevention training programmes for children and adults with disabilities must be regularly implemented be disability service agencies, residential facilities, school districts, law enforcement agencies, medical and health service providers and sexual abuse assault programmes. Also, policies that require government funded researchers, law enforcement and child protection agencies to systematically collect and report data on sexual assault must be implemented so an accurate accounting of the extent of the problem can be documented. Recommendations for future directions in prevention and research are provided.
Early intervention and prevention of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by young children with developmental disabilities
- Author:
- RICHMAN D. M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(1), January 2008, pp.3-17.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The ontogeny of self-injurious behaviour exhibited by young children with developmental delays or disabilities is due to a complex interaction between neurobiological and environmental variables. In this paper, the literature on emerging self-injury in the developmental disability population is reviewed with a focus on an operant conceptual model of how topographies of self-injurious behaviour can change structurally and become sensitive to various environmental consequences. Results of previous studies are reviewed in terms of extending our research focus from a reactive model of assessment and treatment of well-established cases of self-injury to an early intervention and prevention model.
Preventing social exclusion of disabled children and their families: literature review paper produced for the national evaluation of the Children's Fund
- Author:
- CLARKE Harriet
- Publisher:
- Great Britain. Department for Education and Skills
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 55p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report presents current evidence concerning the social inclusion of disabled children and their families, and has been developed following an extensive search of academic and policy literature published over the past decade. The focus is on the need for and impacts of preventative (rather than critically responsive) services and strategies for disabled children aged between five and 13 years. Disabled children is a term inclusive of all children who face disabling barriers to social inclusion, irrespective of their impairment.
Prevention in adult safeguarding: a review of the literature
- Authors:
- SOCIAL CARE INSTITUTE FOR EXCELLENCE, FAULKNER Alison, SWEENEY Angela
- Publisher:
- Social Care Institute for Excellence
- Publication year:
- 2011
- Pagination:
- 59p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report outlines the literature on the preventing the abuse of vulnerable adults, from public awareness campaigns through to approaches that empower the individual to be able to recognise, address and report abuse. In addition, it examines policy and practice guidance and examples of emerging practice. This review began with a scope on data, literature and best practice on what is being done in relation to prevention strategies by local authorities. The scope was then expanded using reference harvesting and expert recommendation. Literature identified is discussed in the following sections: identifying people at risk of abuse; public awareness; information, advice and advocacy; training and education; policies and procedures; community links and community support; regulation and legislation; inter-agency collaboration; and empowerment and choice. Case studies of emerging good practice are included in the final section entitled emerging evidence.
Managing demand for social care among adults with intellectual disabilities: a systematic scoping review
- Authors:
- ROJAS‐GARCIA Antonio, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(2), 2020, pp.111-125.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Demand for formal social services support for adults with intellectual disabilities is increasing internationally. Initiatives which empower individuals with intellectual disabilities to improve their health, develop living skills or manage chronic illnesses may promote independence and reduce unnecessary dependency on social services. Methods: A “preventative framework” to managing demand comprising several domains was developed from existing literature to guide the search strategy. Results: Fourteen papers related to three domains in the predetermined preventative framework were selected for inclusion in the review, including twelve economic studies. Outcomes included measurement of care needs, and cost‐comparison between social care models or cost‐effectiveness of interventions. Due to the heterogeneity, the present authors were not able to quantitatively synthesize findings. Conclusions: The present authors conclude that evidence linking initiatives across sectors to demand for adult social care is lacking. The present authors identify several gaps in the literature and make recommendations for future research and data recording in practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Insight into falls prevention programmes for people with visual impairments and intellectual disabilities: a scoping review
- Authors:
- ENKELAAR Lotte, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Visual Impairment, 37(2), 2019, pp.94-107.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The aim of this study was to review the current literature on falls prevention in people with visual impairment and to estimate the applicability of methods of fall prevention for people with visual impairment and intellectual disability. A scoping review was performed according to the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Relevant studies were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All records covering the time span from January 1980 until November 2017 were collected. Studies were included if the participants had a visual impairment according to objective ophthalmic assessments, the article described interventions to reduce falls or risk factors for falls, and the study was written in English and published in a peer-reviewed journal. The methodological quality of the studies were determined by consensus of the authors on the PEDro scale. Fifteen articles were included in this scoping review. Three articles focused on screening and intervention programmes, five articles addressed the effectiveness of environmental adjustments, and seven articles involved training programmes for physical improvement. Environmental adjustments emerged as having the best evidence for falls prevention for people with a visual impairment. Physical training programmes improved balance in those with a visual impairment but could not reduce the number of falls. Environmental adjustments also may be effective for persons with a visual impairment and intellectual disability. In addition, multifactorial screening and intervention programmes are recommended as an important new research direction with important clinical implications. (Publisher abstract)