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Impact of an individualized planning approach on personal outcomes and supports for persons with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- GOSSE Leanne, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 14(3), 2017, pp.198-204.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Planning initiatives for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) have shifted from traditional planning primarily conducted by caregivers to an individualised planning approach controlled by the person with ID him/herself. The goal of this paradigm shift is to increase individualisation of supports to accomplish personal objectives and improve quality of life. Despite the widespread acceptance and promotion of individualised planning, there has been little empirical research to demonstrate its effectiveness. This study compares traditional planning to individualised planning on supports obtained and personal objectives accomplished using a randomised between-group design. Persons receiving an individualised planning process improved in both supports and personal outcomes as compared to the traditional planning group. When the traditional planning group subsequently received individualised planning, they replicated the results of the first individualised planning group. The findings support implementation of an individualised planning approach in service agencies for individuals with ID. (Edited publisher abstract)
Outcomes from the National High Secure Learning Disability Service: findings and challenges
- Authors:
- MORRISSEY Catrin, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(3), 2015, pp.116-1233.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The “outcomes revolution” in healthcare has yet to impact strongly on secure intellectual disability (ID) services in the UK. The purpose of this paper is to review the service-level outcome studies that exist for this population, and to explore some of the challenges of conducting such research. It further describes some illustrative routine outcome data from the National High Secure Learning Disability Service. Design/methodology/approach: Routinely collected outcome measures (length of stay; violent incidents; Emotional Problem Scale (EPS) Behaviour Rating Scale and EPS Self-Report Inventory) were analysed for two overlapping cohorts of patients resident in the high-secure service between 2008 and 2013. Findings: The median length of stay of those discharged during the study period (n=27) was around 9.9 years (range one to 40 years). A significant proportion (25 per cent) of discharges resulted in an eventual return to high security. There did not appear to be a treatment effect over two to three years using staff-rated global clinical measures, but patient-rated clinical measures did reduce. Violent incidents also reduced significantly over a longer period of four years in treatment. Research limitations/implications: There are identified challenges to research design and outcome measurement which need to be addressed in any future cross-service studies. Originality/value: There are relatively few published outcome studies from forensic ID services. None of the studies have used clinical measures of changes or patient-rated outcome measures. (Publisher abstract)
Factors that influence outcomes for clients with an intellectual disability
- Author:
- RAFFENSBERGER Marilyn K.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 37(4), November 2009, pp.495-509.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Is counselling effective for clients with an intellectual disability? Practitioners question not only the ability of these clients to derive benefit from counselling but also their own ability to provide an effective service. However, this simplistic binary question does not do justice to the complexities of either the counselling process or the lives of those with an intellectual disability. A more useful question would be, 'What factors influence the counselling outcomes of these clients?' This review invites practitioners to refrain from questioning abilities, but rather to reflect on their practice in light of this latter question. Researchers are invited to broaden the scope of their enquiry to further assist practitioners' reflections.
Person-centred planning: factors associated with successful outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- ROBERTSON J., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(3), March 2007, pp.232-243.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Recent research in the USA and UK indicates that person-centred planning (PCP) can lead to improvements in lifestyle-related outcomes for people with intellectual disabilities (ID). It is clear, however, that the introduction of PCP does not have an equal impact for all participants. The aim of the present paper was to identify factors associated with the probability of delivering a plan and with improvements in outcomes for those who did receive a plan. Information on the life experiences of participants was collected over a period of approximately 2 years for a cohort of 93 adults with ID across four sites in England. There were powerful inequalities in both access to and the efficacy of PCP in relation to participant characteristics, contextual factors and elements of the PCP process. Results are discussed in relation to implications for policy and practice for increasing the effectiveness of PCP and reducing inequalities in the life experiences of people with ID.
Your role as a learning disability worker
- Author:
- POUNTNEY Jackie
- Publisher:
- Heinemann; British Institute of Learning Disabilities
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 92p.
- Place of publication:
- Oxford
Introduces understanding of the role of Learning Disability Worker and the responsibilities of supporting someone who has a learning disability. The book meets the learning outcomes for the unit, with a range of features to make the learning stimulating and interesting. Written by BILD, so learners can be sure of relevant and reliable content, the book provides all necessary underpinning knowledge and careful linking to the relevant NVQ.
Lines in the sand: final report
- Authors:
- SIMONS Ken, RUSSELL Oliver
- Publisher:
- Norah Fry Research Centre
- Publication year:
- 2003
- Pagination:
- 129p.
- Place of publication:
- Bristol
A research project on the interface between mental health and learning disability services. The main objective of this research project, which was funded by the South West Regional NHS Research and Development Directorate, was to carry out an audit of ‘pressure points’ within services for people with learning disabilities and mental health needs in South West England. A retrospective two-year census of case files (n=348) was carried out, supplemented by in-depth interviews with key clinical staff (n=30), and semi-structured interviews with commissioners from Valuing People Partnership Boards (n =10) and Local Implementation Teams for the National Service Framework for Mental Health (n=9). The main outcome measures were descriptions of patterns of service use, along with the presence (or otherwise) of disputes and/or joint working, set in the context of the views of providers and commissioners.
Monitoring change in psychotherapy with people with intellectual disabilities: the application of the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale
- Authors:
- NEWMAN David W., BEAIL Nigel
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(1), 2002, pp.48-60.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The assimilation model and the assimilation of problematic experiences scale (APES), provide a structured account of changes occurring within psychotherapy. The model proposes that the clients assimilate their problematic experience through the development of schema observable in the psychotherapeutic setting. The model provides a way of describing change in psychotherapy independent of affiliation to a single theoretical school. This paper aims to demonstrate the application of APES methodology to psychotherapy with people with intellectual disabilities. An innovative research procedure is implemented, utilizing transcript and rating procedures in relation to a client and therapist dialogue within psychodynamic psychotherapy. Outcome data is collected from psychometric questionnaires. Quantitative data and qualitative methods are combined to portray results in the format of a single case study. The presented case illustrates assimilation achieved by a client with intellectual disabilities within and across psychotherapy sessions. Outcome data is also provided. This study provides a newly obtained information on the applicability of psychotherapy and the assimilation model in relation to this client group. The outcome data acts as a point of reference with which to examine the nature and validity of APES findings. The present authors argue that process research has a significant role in advancing our understanding of psychotherapy with the people with intellectual disabilities.
An evaluation of outcomes for service users with an intellectual disability admitted to an assessment and treatment unit
- Authors:
- DAVIES Bronwen, JOSHAM Scarlett, FRANCIS Nicky
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 25(4), 2021, pp.441-448.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This service evaluation comprised pre- and post measures with service users and their carers on admission to and discharge from an assessment and treatment (A&T) unit. The Behaviour Problems Inventory (BPI), Psychiatric Assessment Scale for Adults with Developmental Disabilities Checklist–Revised (PASSAD) and World Health Organisations Quality of Life Scale (WHO-QOL 8; adapted for people with intellectual disabilities) were used to evaluate outcomes of their admission to the unit. Significant improvements were found after admission in relation to behaviour that challenges (measured by the BPI), mental health symptoms (measured by the PASSAD) and quality of life (measured by the WHO-QOL). The importance of completing outcome measures as feedback for the service user, team and wider service managers are discussed, but also in this political context when the role of A&T units are being questioned, the importance of showing good practice and clinical outcomes for individuals. (Edited publisher abstract)
Measuring goal realization associated with disability services and supports: initial evidence for a new tool
- Authors:
- HAGILIASSIS Nick, KORITSAS Stella, CUZZILLO Celeste
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 17(1), 2020, pp.4-12.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
There are few outcome measurement tools that can be accessed directly by people with intellectual disability (ID) and that can be readily used in service delivery settings. Developed to address these limitations, the Measuring Outcomes in Services and Supports – Short Form is a measure of the extent to which a person's goals are realized in the context of service and supports delivery. Specific aim is to establish initial evidence for the face and content validity of the tool, an essential step in the first stage of developing evaluation tools. Face validity was explored via an on‐line survey eliciting information from an “expert group” about the purpose, adequacy, clarity, and attractiveness of the tool. Content validity was examined by comparing goals for people with disability against a framework for categorizing personal outcomes and their influencers, to gauge the tool's relevance, and representation for measuring whole of life disability outcomes. Participants gave positive support overall for aspects of face validity surveyed. Suggestions for further improvements were provided, most of which were accommodated. Other issues raised reflected themes general to the field of outcomes measurement in disability populations (e.g., complexity for people with ID), with strategies suggested for attenuating their impact. Participant goals were representative of outcome domains reflecting the current policy environment in disability, as were their influencing factors. With limited tools to measure goal realization for people accessing a range of disability supports, the tool has acceptable face validity and content validity and is sufficiently practical for use in disability services. (Publisher abstract)
Features of employment‐related technology for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: a thematic analysis
- Authors:
- DAMIANIDOU Despoina, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(5), 2019, pp.1149-1162.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The aim of this study was to identify, extract, summarize and list the features of applied cognitive technology used to support employment‐related outcomes for people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Method: Thematic analysis was employed on a published research base of 41 studies obtained through a larger scoping review of the literature on the same topic. Results: The thematic analysis identified 109 technology features categorized into 14 main categories of features, which were grouped into three over‐arching categories, Output, Input and General Features. The majority of the studies comprised “Output” features with “Audio” features being the most frequent category. Studies using more sophisticated technology incorporated a wider range of features and a larger number of references. Conclusions: Further investigation regarding the association of specific technology features with the enhancement of various cognitive functions will assist the decision making and technology selection process. (Edited publisher abstract)