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Sexual and nonsexual offenders with intellectual and learning disabilities: a comparison of characteristics, referral patterns, and outcome
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19(8), August 2004, pp.875-890.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This article reports an evaluation of a community intellectual disability offender service over the period from 1990 to 2001. Men who committed sex offenses or sexually abusive incidents (n = 106) and men who committed other types of offenses and serious incidents (n = 78) are compared on personal characteristics, referral sources, forensic details, and outcome up to 7 years after referral. The cohorts are older than one would expect from the criminology literature, and, at about 33%, the incidence of mental illness is consistent with some previous studies. A greater proportion of sex offenders had criminal justice involvement and a formal disposal from court. Fire raising was not overly represented as an offense. There was a higher rate of reoffending in the nonsexual cohort, which persisted up to 7 years. Investigating only reoffenders, there was a considerable amount of harm reduction recorded up to 7 years, statistically significant up to 5 years following initial referral.
Comparing offenders against women and offenders against children on treatment outcome in offenders with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 24(4), July 2011, pp.361-369.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The most significant developments in the field of sex offender treatment have been based on problem solving and Cognitive Behaviour Therapy techniques. Several studies have shown the positive effects of sex offender treatment for men with intellectual disabilities who have perpetrated sex offences. The aim of this study was to provide a comparison of the process of treatment change amongst men with intellectual disabilities who have offended either against adult women or against children. The participants comprised of 15 men who had offended against adult women and 15 who offended against children. All were treated for 36 months and had at least 2 years follow-up after the treatment to determine the rate of reoffending. Groups were compared with repeated measures using the Questionnaire on Attitudes Consistent with Sexual Offending. The findings showed that at baseline the offenders against women had higher scores than the offenders against children on the rape scale. Both groups showed significant improvement with scores reducing to levels consistent with non-offenders by 36 months. Significant improvements were recorded from 18 to 36 months of treatment. Re-offending across both groups was 23%. The article concludes that sex offender treatment can produce significant reductions in cognitive distortions in sex offenders with intellectual disabilities. The findings also demonstrate the importance of continuing treatment for longer than 12 months.
The treatment of two stalkers with intellectual disabilities using a cognitive approach
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 11(4), 1998, pp.333-344.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article reviews the classification of the sex offence of stalking and describes two men with an intellectual disability who have been convicted of offences consistent with stalking. Outlines issues and describes a treatment method described. Outlines and compares the processes of cognitive change for both men by assessing attitudes across the offending areas of rape, voyeurism, exhibitionism and dating abuse. The outcomes are discussed in terms of both individual participants and the population of sex offenders with an intellectual disability.