Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Life story work in health and social care: systematic literature review
- Authors:
- MCKEOWN Jane, CLARKE Amanda, REPPER Julie
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Advanced Nursing, 55(2), July 2006, pp.237-247.
- Publisher:
- Blackwells Publishing
Life story work (LSW) has been used with a range of client groups, and is viewed as a way of challenging stereotypical views, helping to maintain personal identities and improving the quality of care by giving staff a better insight into individuals. This review of 14 research and evaluation studies (dealing solely with older people and employing a range of methodological approaches) finds that LSW can achieve these objectives, but can also have limitations as well as resource implications. The existing evidence base is patchy, of variable methodological quality and difficult to assess effectively with currently available critical appraisal tools. Research gaps are identified. The review concludes that LSW has the potential to be a valuable intervention but is a complex activity that should not be implemented on a large scale in the absence of a well thought out strategy that includes staff support and training, and the development of protocols for obtaining consent and agreeing ownership and access to the ‘product’.
Psychosocial interventions for older people with intellectual disabilities and the role of support staff: a systematic review
- Authors:
- THALEN Marloes, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 35(2), 2022, pp.312-337.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The life expectancy of people with intellectual disabilities has increased. The implications of ageing have resulted in changes in their support needs and challenges to support staff. Access to evidence based strategies for support staff providing care to elderly with intellectual disabilities remains scarce. A systematic review was conducted to provide an overview of available psychosocial interventions. Methods: Four databases were searched and assessed according to the PRISMA guidelines. A narrative, integrative method of analysis was conducted to synthesise quantitative and qualitative data. Results: The 36 studies included in the review reported on interventions aimed at either identifying and meeting the needs or perceptions of older individuals or at improving their behaviour and skills. Furthermore, the role of support staff in the implementation of interventions was either active, assisting or undefined. Conclusions: This overview of studies could contribute to the existing body of knowledge and help to optimise psychosocial support for a growing population. (Edited publisher abstract)
A review of literature exploring the possible causes of abuse and neglect in adult residential care
- Authors:
- HUTCHISON Andrew, KROESE Biza Stenfert
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Adult Protection, 17(4), 2015, pp.216-233.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a systematic review of empirical research, which explores possible causal and risk factors linked to abuse or neglect in residential care facilities. Design/methodology/approach: Electronic database searches were conducted to identify and synthesise studies reporting on empirical research aimed at exploring causal and/or risk factors associated with abuse or neglect in adult residential care services. Sample characteristics, design characteristics and outcome data were extracted from each paper. This information was then collated and summarised. Each study was evaluated using Sale and Brazil’s (2004), cross-paradigm framework of trustworthiness and rigour. Findings: In all, 17 papers, reporting on 15 separate research studies, met the inclusion criteria for this review. Results revealed that research in this area has utilised a diverse range of methodological approaches to explore abuse and/or neglect within the context of residential services for older adults and adults with learning disabilities. Possible causal and risk factors identified were separated into those that operated at a cultural or organisational/environmental level and those that operated at an individual or interpersonal level. Originality/value: While there are limitations associated with presenting a review of such a diverse group of studies, this paper presents a valuable synthesis of the empirically derived causal and risk factors linked to the abuse and neglect of adults in care. Additionally, readers are able to obtain a comprehensive overview of the quality of empirical research in this area. Finally, a number of applied implications and future research directions are highlighted, which may contribute to the development of further research and ultimately to improvements in residential care standards and a reduction in future instances of abuse and neglect.
How to improve the quality of life of elderly people with intellectual disability: a systematic literature review of support strategies
- Authors:
- SCHEPENS Hadewych R. M. M., VAN PUYENBROECK Joris, MAES Bea
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(3), 2019, pp.483-521.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: The increased life expectancy of people with intellectual disability intensifies the need for age‐specific support. Research on effects of support strategies on quality of life (QoL) of these people remains scattered. Methods: A systematic search of peer‐reviewed publications since 1995 was performed, with participants having intellectual disability and being aged ≥50 years. Studies include experimental, observational and exploratory designs, analysing links between support strategies and QoL outcomes. The present authors adopted a narrative approach. Results: The present authors found 73 articles, assessed their quality, thematically categorized interventions into 12 themes, and listed them with their stated relationships to QoL. Conclusions: The studies indicated the importance of funding, provision and organisation of services/personnel, education, and cooperation among different support systems. The provision of good housing or activities, support when these provisions change, provision of (mental) health care, dementia care and end‐of‐life care, life story work, future planning and support for (I)ADLs are crucial. (Edited publisher abstract)
A synthesis of the evidence on peer research with potentially vulnerable adults: how this relates to dementia
- Authors:
- DI LORITO Claudio, et al
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32(1), 2017, pp.58-67.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: This study aims to identify the benefits, the risks and the practical challenges and to develop a model of good practice in peer research with people with dementia. Methods: The review conducted searches on PsycInfo, PubMed and Google Scholar for empirical investigations or discussion papers on peer research. Given the limited literature in the field of dementia, studies with groups who share similar demographics (older people), experience of stigma (mental health service users) and exclusion from research (people with learning disabilities) were included. No restrictions on language and publication date were applied. Analysis: Three themes were identified: the potential benefits, the potential risks and the practical challenges of peer research. The authors the developed a model of good practice. The European Working Group of People with Dementia reviewed the authors' paper and added to the findings. Results: Seven papers were included in the evidence synthesis. Potential benefits of peer research included enriched data and empowering people with dementia. Potential risks included power differentials between researchers and issues of representativeness. The practical issues for good practice included the training of peer researchers, defining involvement and roles, working with cognitive impairment and considering resource implications. The European Working Group of People with Dementia emphasised the importance of equality issues. Conclusion: Involving people with dementia in peer research can generate several benefits, including empowerment and opportunities for inclusion for the peer researchers and the research participants living with dementia, challenging academics' traditional views on research processes and gathering enhanced research data. There remains a need for further research on the impact of peer research in dementia studies. (Edited publisher abstract)
Caregiving and adults with intellectual disabilities affected by dementia
- Authors:
- COURTENAY Ken, JOKINEN Nancy S., STRYDOM Andre
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(1), March 2010, pp.26-33.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article describes a systematic review of the available Dutch, English, and German language literature on the current knowledge on social-psychological and pharmacological care given to older adults with intellectual disabilities (ID) and dementia. The authors note that the lack of robust evidence to meet the needs of older people with ID and dementia means that services often have to extrapolate from the evidence base of dementia care practices in the general population. The article outlines concerns over staff burden, behavioural interventions, and staff training, and notes that applications of care were emerging, but were not systematically studied – pharmacological agents and non-pharmacological, psychosocial techniques were being used to assist carers manage behaviour, but the evidence base of both non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions that can help people and their carers is insufficient. In conclusion, with more adults projected to be affected by dementia, the authors note a need for an international research agenda that begins to address gaps in knowledge.
Dementia in older adults with intellectual disabilities: a report on the state of science on dementia in older adults with intellectual disabilities by the IASSID Special Interest Research Group on Ageing and Intellectual Disabilities
- Authors:
- STRYDOM Andre, et al
- Publisher:
- International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual Disabilities
- Publication year:
- 2009
- Pagination:
- 49p., bibliog.
- Place of publication:
- Canterbury
This systematic review summarises current knowledge on dementia in older people with learning disabilities. The review included papers published from 1997 to 2008. Findings are discussed in the areas of: epidemiology; presentation and symptoms; screening, assessment and diagnosis; non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions and issues for carers.
Individuals with developmental disabilities and their caregivers
- Authors:
- MCCALLION Philip, NICKLE Tara
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 50(S1), 2008, pp.245-266.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
- Place of publication:
- Philadelphia, USA
Adults with developmental disabilities, such as Down’s syndrome or learning disability, are surviving for longer and the number of older Americans with such disabilities is expected to double by 2020. Many will be in the care of their parents and, as they age, siblings. Effective intervention to counter problem behaviours and mental health problems, and to promote positive ageing, is vital and this review examines the literature in the field. The evidence base (generally of group interventions for ‘future planning’) is small and methodologically weak, making it difficult to draw reliable conclusions. Although some positive outcomes are reported, further and more robust research is needed. The paper concludes with a ‘treatment resource appendix’ directed at American social workers. (Copies of this article are available from: Haworth Document Delivery Centre, Haworth Press Inc., 10 Alice Street, Binghamton, NY 13904-1580).
A systematic review of cognitive decline in the general elderly population
- Authors:
- PARK Helen L., O'CONNELL Janice O., THOMSON Richard G.
- Journal article citation:
- International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18(12), December 2003, pp.1121-1134.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The aim was to establish the rate of age-related cognitive decline in the general elderly population. Systematic review of studies of cognitive decline in the general elderly population. Medline, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched using an adapted version of McMaster's aetiology, causation and harm strategies and the Cochrane Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Group strategy. Grey literature was explored and experts contacted. A second observer was involved at all stages and quality appraisal of included studies was performed. Included studies were representative, community-based, cohort studies of people aged over 60, incorporating individuals with dementia. Identification of 5990 abstracts and retrieval of 163 full texts led to inclusion of 19 papers. Heterogeneity made narrative review the appropriate method of data synthesis. Some degree of cognitive impairment with increasing age was found in all studies, although the extent varied. The prevalence of cognitive impairment and the rate of decline increased with age. Studies were of variable quality. Cognitive decline is almost universal in the general elderly population and increases with age. Improved communication between researchers and between clinicians to identify a core minimum data set of neuropsychological tests that could be used in different populations would support consistent study design and meta-analysis, helping to quantify the true rate of cognitive decline in the elderly and assisting diagnosis in clinical practice.
Planning for the future among older parents of adult offspring with intellectual disability living at home and in the community: a systematic review of qualitative studies
- Authors:
- WALKER Ruth, HUTCHINSON Claire
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 43(4), 2018, pp.453-462.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Background: The increased longevity of individuals with intellectual disability means that ageing parents often play an extended caregiving role into late life. This systematic review evaluates qualitative evidence on futures planning among older parents whose adult children live either in the family home or out-of-home. Method: Electronic databases were searched for studies published between 2000 and 2015. Studies that met the inclusion criteria were analysed using the McMaster Critical Review Form for Qualitative Studies. Results: Of 14 articles reviewed, quality was mixed. Three over-arching themes emerged: (1) external barriers to planning involving reservations about available services; (2) internal barriers preventing parents from planning such as mutual dependency and sense of helplessness; and (3) existence of diverse “plans” and ways of managing the future. Conclusions: Parents are aware of the need to make plans or at the very least have preferences for what they would like to occur. However, a range of external and internal factors pose as barriers to this process. (Publisher abstract)