Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Perspectives: lest we forget
- Author:
- TAYLOR Alison
- Journal article citation:
- Community Care, 21.8.97, 1997, p.16.
- Publisher:
- Reed Business Information
The author argues that although society cannot afford to ignore dangerous criminal behaviour, the national shame of the hanging of Derek Bentley shows how compassion can desert the justice system.
Challenging behaviour and offending behaviours
- Authors:
- BOER Harm, IYER Anupama
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 25(3), 2020, pp.117-124.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore three main areas in relation to the interface between challenging behaviour and offending. Design/methodology/approach: The first aim is to explore the labelling of behaviours as challenging or offending behaviour in the light of legal definitions, staff knowledge and beliefs and the mental capacity and mental health acts. The second is to explore challenging behaviour as a risk factor for offending in people with Intellectual Disability (ID). The third aim is to discuss the challenging behaviour as a barrier to discharge from secure services. Findings: There is limited research suggesting that challenging behaviour such as physical aggression can lead to longer stay in forensic services, and this warrants further research. Originality/value: This paper aims to promote discussion about the interface of offending and challenging behaviour in people with IDs and to promote best practice. (Edited publisher abstract)
Emotional problems and intellectual disability: comparing groups with and without forensic involvement
- Authors:
- CRAVEN Rachel, SHELTON Lyn
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 11(4), 2020, pp.239-248.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are known to experience increased emotional and behavioural concerns. The study aims to assess whether detained ID patients with a forensic history (IDPF) have increased difficulty managing their impulse control in comparison to detained ID patients without a forensic history (IDP). Using the externalising behaviour problems (EBP) subscale of the EPS, the study aims to compare the differences between the IDFP and IDP groups. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 60 patients with ID detained under the Mental Health Act 1983 (Revised 2007) were assessed using the behaviour rating scale of the EPS. The outcome scores of the EBP were used to examine any observed differences between the scores of forensically involved patients [n = 34] and those without a forensic history [n = 26]. It was hypothesised that patients with a forensic history would display higher scoring on externalised behavioural problems (EBP) than patients without such a history. Findings: Non-parametric testing revealed that there were no significant differences in EBP scoring between the two sample groups. These findings indicate that, for patients in the present study, no differences were detected in the presentation of these two distinct groups. In fact, with the exception of the verbal aggression subscale of the EBP, the other three subscales (physical aggression, non-compliance and hyperactivity) show that actually the IDP group displayed the higher ranked means in these subscales when compared with the forensically involved group. Originality/value: These results indicate possible increased treatment needs within the IDP group and question whether offending history is necessarily a reliable predictor of ongoing hostility and behavioural concerns within similar inpatient services. (Edited publisher abstract)
Pathways into the criminal justice system for individuals with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- RAINA Poonam, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(5), 2013, pp.404-409.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Studies focusing on pathways in the criminal justice system for individuals with intellectual disability are limited in that they only study individuals once they are involved in the system and do not consider the pathways into it. This study examines predisposing factors that lead to various outcomes for individuals with intellectual disability when police are called to respond to their behavioural crises. The police response to 138 individuals with intellectual disability in crisis were examined. Following police intervention, 15 individuals were arrested, 76 were taken to the emergency department and 47 received on-scene resolution. Comparisons between the three groups were conducted. The three groups differed in terms of residence at the time of crisis, history of forensic involvement and type of crisis. Police intervention with adults with intellectual disability can happen for different reasons. Both individual and situational predictors explained this outcome. (Edited publisher abstract)
Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour is aimed at everyone who is involved in supporting people with intellectual disabilities who are involved (or in danger of becoming involved) with the criminal justice or forensic health systems. It covers the latest research and policy, as well as practical advice about working effectively with these groups who often fall in the gap between mainstream intellectual disability and forensic services. Especially relevant to practitioners, managers, policy-makers, academics, social workers, psychologists, psychiatrists, occupational therapists, nurses, students, carers and people who use services. Articles from this journal are abstracted and indexed selectively on Social Care Online.
The impact of known criminogenic factors on offenders with intellectual disability: previous findings and new results on ADHD
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William R., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 26(1), 2013, pp.71-80.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
It is well established that child development factors are important in relation to the development of criminal behaviour. Research on developmental risk factors for offenders with intellectual disability has found similar trends. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder are developmental disorders known to be over-represented among criminal populations when compared to the general population. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which ADHD affects the presentation of offenders with intellectual disability. The data was drawn from the Northumbria/Cambridge/Abertay Pathways (NCAP) Project. Information related to index behaviour, history of problem behaviours, childhood adversity and psychiatric diagnoses was recorded in 477 adults who had been referred to forensic intellectual disability services. Comparisons were made between those with a previous diagnosis of ADHD and those without. The findings showed that the ADHD group had higher proportions of physical aggression, substance use, previous problems including aggression, sexual offences and property offences, birth problems and abuse in childhood. The article concludes that ADHD with conduct disorder is associated with a greater degree and history of problematic behaviour in offenders with intellectual disability.
Referral patterns for offenders with intellectual disability: a 20-year study
- Authors:
- LINDSAY William, HAUT Fabian, STEPTOW Lesley
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology (The), 22(4), August 2011, pp.513-517.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Following deinstitutionalisation, research has demonstrated that people with intellectual disability living in the community have had increased involvement with the criminal justice system. This study reports a 20-year review of the referral patterns of offenders with intellectual disability referred to a community forensic intellectual disability service. The participants consisted of 309 consecutive referrals from 1987-2008 to a community service for offenders with intellectual disability in Scotland. Three categories of referral were included: from the court, criminal justice, or probation service; from the community team, including community nurses and social workers; or from another source, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. The findings show significant increases across time periods in referrals from criminal justice services and significant decreases from community services. These results suggest changes in society whereby the courts are becoming more comfortable with defendants with intellectual disability and services more willing to involve the police when there are incidents of offending behaviour.
The first critical steps through the criminal justice system for persons with intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- MERCIER Céline, CROCKER Anne G.
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 39(2), June 2011, pp.130-138.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper discusses the initial steps of the judicial process for persons with intellectual disabilities who are suspected of a minor offense in the context of the Canadian criminal justice system (CJS). During this stage, plaintiffs, police officers, and crown attorneys make a series of decisions that will have a significant impact on the course of the judicial process. The main objective of this study was to document the criteria that influence dispositions by police officers and crown attorneys about persons with intellectual disabilities in the CJS. A secondary objective was to report suggested improvements to better support them throughout the judicial process. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants from the CJS and from service and community organisations. The informants identified a series of implicit criteria that influence the decisions made and dispositions taken in the case of a suspected offence. Suggestions for improvement include early screening for intellectual disability, educating police officers and crown attorneys about intellectual disabilities, a preference for the use of summons to appear over other types of procedures, and drafting memorandums of understanding between various organisations and police services regarding persons with intellectual disabilities. The findings emphasise the need for more effective screening and diversion procedures for persons with intellectual disabilities within the CJS.
People with learning disabilities who come in contact with the Criminal Justice System
- Author:
- POYNTER Jo
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 16(2), April 2011, pp.49-53.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
A previous study has found that 7% of adult prisoners have a learning disability demonstrated by an IQ score of less than 70. A further 25% were found to have an IQ score of less than 80. Historically very little has been done to support these individuals through the Criminal Justice System (CJS). Valuing People Now (DH, 2009) acknowledged that people with a learning disability within the CJS should be included within the local implementation of the strategy. This article explores what has been achieved since Valuing People Now. It looks at: training in awareness of learning disability for people working in the Criminal Justice System; the use of a screening tool for learning disabilities; and the production of easy read information for prisoners. The article concludes by discussing actions that still needs to be taken to keep people with learning disabilities out of trouble and away from the CJS, and to ensure that people with learning disabilities are treated fairly within the CJS.
Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This title is aimed at those supporting people with learning disabilities who are involved (or in danger of becoming involved) with the criminal justice or forensic health systems. Information is provided on the latest research and policy, as well as practical advice about working effectively with these groups who often fall in the gap between mainstream learning disability and forensic services. The content is relevant to all those working in the public and independent health and social care sectors, and the criminal justice and forensic health systems. Articles from this journal were abstracted and indexed selectively on Social Care Online. This title is now published as Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour.