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Improving healthcare access for older adults with intellectual disability: what are the needs?
- Authors:
- NAVAS Patricia, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(6), 2019, pp.1453-1464.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This qualitative study was carried out in Spain with the aim of identifying the changes that the health system should make to improve healthcare access for older adults with intellectual disability. Three hundred and sixty‐nine family members and professionals expressed their opinion on how healthcare access could be improved. Participants responded to two open‐ended questions included in a general survey about the health status of older individuals with intellectual disability. Most informants were women and professionals who had known the person with intellectual disability for more than 12 months. A system of categories, which showed good inter‐rater agreement, was developed to analyse participants’ written responses. Both family members and professionals emphasized the need to improve disability training for healthcare practitioners and highlighted the urgent need for flexibility in the structure of a healthcare system that currently overlooks the specific needs of this vulnerable population. (Publisher abstract)
Responses to bullying among individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: support needs and self‐determination
- Authors:
- GRIFFIN Megan M., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 32(6), 2019, pp.1514-1522.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Compared to the general population, individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) more often experience bullying and its negative social and emotional impacts. Prior studies explored bullying of individuals with IDD primarily through investigations of the perspectives of others and the negative impacts of bullying. The current study examined how individuals with IDD describe their responses to experiences of bullying, with a focus on whether responses included component skills of self‐determination. Method: Eighteen adults with IDD (50% female) aged 18–63 years were interviewed about their experiences with bullying. Interviews were analysed to determine responses to bullying and the degree to which their responses demonstrated self‐determination. Results: Data analysis revealed two primary themes, outside support and self‐determination, with additional subthemes. Conclusions: Findings provide a more nuanced description of the ways in which individuals with IDD respond to bullying, including the demonstration of self‐determination skills. Implications for research and practice are discussed. (Publisher abstract)
What is normal behaviour in persons with developmental disabilities?
- Authors:
- DOSEN Anton, De GROEF Johan
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.284-294.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Annoying and bothersome behaviours among persons with developmental disabilities (DD) is a relatively frequent phenomenon. However, not all behaviour that is difficult to accept in its surroundings should be seen as abnormal or problem behaviour (PB). Some of these behaviours may be an expression of a person’s psychosocial needs and may be considered as adaptive and normal. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach: Authors attempt to discuss relevant issues in persons with DD which have an impact on their behaviour, intending in this way to define criteria for a reliable differentiation between normal and abnormal behaviour and psychiatric disorders. Findings: Differentiating between normal and abnormal may be a difficult task for a professional treating persons with DD because of the lack of adequate criteria for such differentiation. The problem becomes even more complex when one attempts to differentiate between PB and psychiatric disorder. By approaching the subject from a developmental perspective and by determining the level of the person’s emotional development, insight in subjective person’s experiences was achieved. On the ground of a “good practice” the authors made schemata outlining criteria for differentiation between these constructs. Originality/value: The application of these schemata in the practice made it easier to establish appropriate diagnoses and was favourable for the planning of adequate treatment and support of persons with DD and mental health problems. (Publisher abstract)
I-CAN: the classification and prediction of support needs
- Authors:
- ARNOLD Samuel R.C., RICHES Vivienne Catherine, STANCLIFFE Roger J.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27(2), 2014, pp.97-111.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: Since 1992, the diagnosis and classification of intellectual disability has been dependent upon three constructs: intelligence, adaptive behaviour and support needs (Luckasson et al. 1992. Mental Retardation: Definition, Classification and Systems of Support. American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disability, Washington, DC). While the methods and instruments to measure intelligence and adaptive behaviour are well established and generally accepted, the measurement and classification of support needs is still in its infancy. This article explores the measurement and classification of support needs. Method: A study is presented comparing scores on the ICF (WHO, 2001) based I-CAN v4.2 support needs assessment and planning tool with expert clinical judgment using a proposed classification of support needs. A logical classification algorithm was developed and validated on a separate sample. Results: Good internal consistency (range 0.73–0.91, N = 186) and criterion validity (κ = 0.94, n = 49) were found. Conclusions: Further advances in our understanding and measurement of support needs could change the way disability is assessed, described and classified. (Edited publisher abstract)
Examining the support needs of ageing family carers in developing future plans for a relative with an intellectual disability
- Authors:
- TAGGART Laurence, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 16(3), September 2012, pp.217-234.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
Due to the increased life expectancy of people with intellectual disability, they are now more likely to be living with an ageing family carer. The aim of this study was to examine the support needs of ageing family carers in developing future plans for a relative with an intellectual disability. A mixed methods design was employed. In stage 1, a structured questionnaire was used to collate information on the health, caregiving demands and future planning preferences of 112 parent and sibling carers aged 60–94 years. In stage 2, 19 in-depth semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a sample of carers to explore a range of issues around future planning. Over half of the carers were lone carers, mainly female, with many reporting a wide range of health problems. The main preference was for the person to remain in the family home, with either the family or paid staff to support them. A minority of parent carers preferred the person to move into the home of a sibling, although some favoured the person moving to a residential facility with other people with intellectual disabilities. Four main themes were identified around future planning: unremitting apprehension; the extent of planning; obstacles encountered; and solutions for future planning. Avoidance, lack of guidance and a lack of appropriate residential provision were cited as obstacles to making future plans compounded by the emotional upset experienced by carers in thinking about the future.
Health and social needs of people with low intelligence
- Authors:
- SCHNEIDER Justine, CLEGG Jennifer
- Journal article citation:
- Mental Health Review Journal, 14(2), June 2009, pp.22-27.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This paper asks whether intellectual ability determines an individual's potential to live well and deal with the checks and obstacles that life presents. A secondary analysis of the ONS survey of psychiatric morbidity, 2000 was undertaken. It was fond that people with low intelligence was significantly more likely to be a smoker, have problems with paperwork and be renting their home, and a significant subgroup was more likely to be friendless. The pursuit of social justice and social inclusion may require greater attention to be paid to the health and well-being of people with below-average intelligence.
No one knows: offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities: the prevalence and associated needs of offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities
- Author:
- LOUCKS Nancy
- Publisher:
- Prison Reform Trust
- Publication year:
- 2007
- Pagination:
- 8p.
- Place of publication:
- London
No One Knows is a UK-wide programme led by the Prison Reform Trust that aims to effect change by exploring and publicising the experiences of people with learning difficulties and learning disabilities who come into contact with the criminal justice system. The programme runs until October 2008, it is supported by The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Fund and is chaired by the Rt Hon the Baroness Joyce Quin, former Prisons Minster for England and Wales. This briefing paper outlines a larger review of prevalence and associated needs compiled to provide background information for No One Knows.
Living alone or with others: housing and support for people with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- KING Nigel, HARKER Maurice
- Publisher:
- Mental Health Foundation
- Publication year:
- 2000
- Pagination:
- 27p.
- Place of publication:
- London
A guide for family carers, social workers and those who wish to find out more about the different housing and support options for people with learning disabilities. Explains the various choices, how to access housing and what support people can find.
Religious expression, a fundamental human right: the report of an action research project on meeting the religious needs of people with learning disabilities
- Authors:
- HATTON Chris, et al
- Publisher:
- Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities
- Publication year:
- 2005
- Pagination:
- 50p.
- Place of publication:
- London
This report describes a two-year action research project running from January 2002 to December 2003, funded by the Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities. The aim of the project was to work with services to meet the religious needs of adults with learning disabilities, and to discover what worked particularly well.
Vocabulary needs in augmentative and alternative communication: a sample of conversational topics between staff providing services to adults with learning difficulties and their service users
- Author:
- GRAVES Judy
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 28(3), September 2000, pp.113-119.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This paper describes an attempt to gather information about vocabulary needs of a sample of people with learning difficulties in order to inform the content of local augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) resources and training programmes. The participants were staff members working in a range of local day care and residential services who were asked to record topics of conversation in diaries. The results of the present study suggest that physical needs and function were the most frequent topic areas for conversation. There were far fewer conversations recorded for social and emotional topics. Flexible topic-based frameworks for AAC programmes are suggested as a model that might be able to respond to individual and local vocabulary needs more readily than any one prescribed vocabulary.