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Relapse prevention with intellectually disabled sexual offenders
- Authors:
- KEELING Jenny A., ROSE John L.
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 17(4), October 2005, pp.407-423.
- Publisher:
- Sage
This paper discusses the sexual offending characteristics and pathways of intellectually disabled sexual offenders. From a review of the literature, the authors suggests that intellectually disabled sexual offenders may be most likely to offend via the automatic pathway or the avoidant-passive pathway. The potential treatment implications of the self-regulation model for intellectually disabled sexual offenders is discussed, as well as the need for empirical evaluation with regards to the application of this model to the intellectually disabled sexual offender population.
A comparison of the application of the self-regulation model of the relapse process for mainstream and special needs sexual offenders
- Authors:
- KEELING Jenny A., ROSE John L., BEECH Anthony R.
- Journal article citation:
- Sexual Abuse a Journal of Research and Treatment, 18(4), October 2006, pp.373-382.
- Publisher:
- Sage
The self-regulation model of the relapse process (Ward & Hudson, 2000) has been developed and empirically validated on general sexual offender populations (Bickley & Beech, 2002), but not on specific sexual offender populations. This paper aims to investigate whether special needs offenders, as compared to mainstream sexual offenders, can be categorized into the offence pathways described in the model. In addition, this paper aims to evaluate the application of the self-regulation model in highlighting the treatment needs of the special needs group. Special needs sexual offenders are defined as a treatment population that includes individuals with lower functioning, limited social and communication skills, and literacy deficits. Participants were classified into the self-regulation model using a method developed by Bickley and Beech (2002). Demographic and offence information were collected and comparisons made between the special needs and mainstream groups. The results showed that the sexual offenders with special needs could be reliably classified into the offence pathways of the self-regulation model. The largest group of special needs offenders was in the approach-automatic group, followed by the approach-explicit group. The results indicated no significant differences in representation in the offence pathways between the special needs and mainstream sexual offenders. The results also indicate that the special needs group would benefit from a responsive approach to treatment, which incorporates appropriate treatment targets identified by the self-regulation model.
Resolve: a community-based forensic learning disability service specialising in supporting male sex offenders: our model, approach and evidence base for effective intervention
- Authors:
- GRAHAM Anne, HARBOTTLE Celia, KING David
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 7(4), 2016, pp.186-194.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine a model of effective forensic practice with positive interventions for men with learning disabilities who have committed serious sexual offences. It outlines the theoretical and philosophical frameworks which have informed the model of care and support in a community-based setting and the evidence base for the efficacy of the approach. Design/methodology/approach:This approach to a community-based forensic learning disability service is informed by systemic practice and underpinned by models of human occupation (Keilhofner, 2008) which informs occupational therapy and total attachment (Harbottle et al., 2014). This is a whole systems model for developing compassionate and participatory practice based on attachment theory and approaches to professional parenting drawn from foster care settings and prevention frameworks for adult safeguarding. It uses Klinean Thinking Environments (1999) to give practical communication to the model. Findings: The attachment model which underpins both the support for staff and the framework for scaffolding the care and support provided for service users is building calm, consistent and respectful relationships. This enables workers and service users to feel accepted through the availability of support; to feel a sense of belonging and inclusion in which skills and confidence can flourish helping all to feel more effective. This is evidenced by the stability of the service user group and the staff team. Research limitations/implications: The model of whole system care and support care outlined in this paper can help to provide a therapeutic environment in which men who have committed sexual offences can develop effective skills within a safe, supportive and effectively managed setting. This is on-going research but there is evidence of service users and staff in this model of practice, feeling scaffolded, able to enjoy and achieve progress and personal development. Practical implications: This model appears to promote stable, sustained, supportive relationships. Placement breakdown has been minimal indicating that the disruption rate is low and therefore therapeutic interventions are likely to take place and be effective. This is a hopeful and positive approach which enables individuals to flourish in a safe environment. Social implications: The social implications of this model are positive for creating a stable workforce in an industry plagued with rapid turn over of staff to the detriment of the quality of life for service users. It creates stability and confidence for the residents allowing them to begin to relax and thereafter achieve more positive relationships. Originality/value: This paper examines the application of theoretical frameworks drawn from other disciplines and fuses them into a therapeutic approach to support this service user group. It is a model that can have great portability to other settings but it is its application in forensic services that is new and which is growing its evidence base for its effectiveness. (Publisher abstract)
The differences between sex offending and challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability
- Author:
- DOYLE David Michael
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 29(2), June 2004, pp.107-118.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
This paper differentiates between sexual offending behaviour and challenging behaviour in people with an intellectual disability. There is growing awareness that people with an intellectual disability can perform both classes of behaviour. The definitions of sexual offending and challenging behaviour are almost interchangeable, due to the poor construction of the term challenging behaviour. It is when clinicians attempt to view sexual offending from within the framework and underpinning philosophy of the challenging behaviour model that the magnitude of the mismatch emerges. In this paper, the basic definitions are elaborated on and the different models of assessment discussed, as is the approach taken towards the treatment of the two kinds of behaviour. The corresponding notions of intent, criminal intent and communicative intent are also compared. The implications of interpreting sex offending behaviour as challenging behaviour are highlighted. In the conclusion of this discussion functional analysis is put forward as a technique that may aid in the assessment of sex offending.
Is the Good Lives Model of offender treatment relevant to sex offenders with a learning disability?
- Author:
- AUST Sarah
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 1(3), October 2010, pp.33-39.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The Good Lives Model is a treatment model that was developed for use with mainstream offenders in prison, it aims to reduce the risk of re-offending and to help offenders to have a more fulfilling life. This article explores the use of the Good Lives Model and its relevance to people with a learning disability and forensic needs. The article presents the rationale for using the model; arguing that it has the potential to address the complexities of meeting both the person-centred agenda in learning disabilities services and the public protection agenda in relation to the management of mentally disordered offenders, including those detained under the Mental Health Act (2007). The model is compared with other treatment models, such as the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model (RNR). The paper briefly explores how the model may be practically applied in a service for people with learning disabilities who have committed, or who are at risk of committing, sexual offences.
The ethics of research with men who have learning disabilities and abusive sexual behaviour: a minefield in a vacuum
- Authors:
- BROWN Hilary, THOMPSON David
- Journal article citation:
- Disability and Society, 12(5), November 1997, pp.695-707.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
In the wake of the recent awareness of the sexual abuse of people with learning disabilities is the recognition that a small number of men with learning disabilities are themselves sexually abusing. The need to understand the men's behaviour and provide effective responses is pressing yet the search for an ethical course of enquiry appears illusory. Explores in depth these dilemmas and describes the authors' attempts to resolve them as they attempted to devise a protocol for consent to involvement in a qualitative study of men with learning disabilities who sexually abuse.