Search results for ‘Subject term:"learning disabilities"’ Sort:
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Diagnosing psychiatric disorders in people with intellectual disabilities: issues and achievements
- Authors:
- BERTELLI Marco O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.230-242.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Diagnosing psychiatric disorders (PD) in adults with Intellectual Disability (ID) presents several issues and need specific skills and tools. The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed description of the current status of art through a systematic mapping of the literature. Design/methodology/approach: The authors reviewed the international literature on the basis of the following questions: what are the issues in the psychiatric diagnostic process for adults with ID? What methods and procedures have been used for psychiatric assessment in ID? To date, is it possible to identify some most effective procedures? Findings: The analysis of the literature indicates that main issues of the psychiatric diagnostic process in adults with ID are the following: identification of psychiatric symptoms, behavioural equivalents, diagnostic criteria, setting, source of information, screening, and diagnostic tools. The evidence base is only emerging and although many relevant achievements have been reached in the last two decades, no definitive guideline has been produced. Most recent acquisition also allowed to identify some assessment procedures that are currently considered the most effective. Individualised assessment remains the best way to meet the needs of this heterogeneous and variable patient group. Originality/value: This paper offers a comprehensive and updated description of current achievements and issues towards the assessment of PD in people with ID. (Publisher abstract)
Women with and without intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders: an examination of the literature
- Authors:
- TAGGART L., MCMILLAN R., LAWSON A.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 12(3), September 2008, pp.191-211.
- Publisher:
- Sage
- Place of publication:
- London
This article examines the literature on women with and without intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders, using a gender social model of health. Relevant empirical studies, international literature reviews and policies between 1980 and 2007 were identified from electronic databases, journals and secondary sources. Three areas were examined: psychiatric disorders, their contextual background, and their clinical presentation. There are minimal levels of research into women with intellectual disability and psychiatric disorders. However, this article hypothesizes that women with intellectual disability have higher rates of psychiatric disorders than women without. This may result from greater vulnerability related both to internal factors (`intra': cognitive deficits, poorer communication skills, limited social skills) and to the external world (`inter': lack of opportunities, stigma, poor social support networks). The article argues that such women require gender-sensitive mental health services. However, more empirical evidence is required to support this claim and to inform development and delivery of services.
Disability hate crime reporting
- Author:
- SMITH Lauren
- Publisher:
- IRISS
- Publication year:
- 2017
- Pagination:
- 19
- Place of publication:
- Glasgow
This literature review covers types of interventions that have been effective in increasing reporting of hate crimes motivated by perceptions of learning disabilities and mental health problems. It also looks at interventions that have been effective in supporting people through the process of reporting disability hate crimes and areas of potential areas of unmet need. It draws on academic literature, online resources and knowledge from key organisations, providing links to examples of good practice. The review identified a shortage of evidence around the efficacy of interventions designed with the explicit aim of increasing disability hate crime reporting. However, reports from several projects indicate several promising areas, which include: awareness raising; befriending links; third party reporting centres; safe places initiatives, support for reporting and disabled people's user-led organisations. The review also identifies gaps in the evidence to suggest potential areas for future interventions and research. (Edited publisher abstract)
The diagnostic boundary between autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- Authors:
- BERTELLI Marco O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.243-264.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ASD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). In clinical practice with people with IDD, the alternative or adjunctive diagnosis of ASD or SSD is particularly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to define the boundaries and overlapping clinical characteristics of IDD, ASD and SSD; highlight the most relevant differences in clinical presentation; and provide a clinical framework within which to recognize the impact of IDD and ASD in the diagnosis of SSD. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic mapping of the international literature was conducted on the basis of the following questions: first, what are considered to be core and overlapping aspects of IDD, ASD and SSD; second, what are the main issues in clinical practice; and third, can key diagnostic flags be identified to assist in differentiating between the three diagnostic categories? Findings: Crucial clinical aspects for the differentiation resulted to be age of onset, interest towards others, main positive symptoms, and anatomical anomalies of the central nervous system. More robust diagnostic criteria and semeiological references are desirable. Originality/value: The present literature mapping provides a comprehensive description of the most relevant differences in the clinical presentation of ASD and SSD in persons with IDD. (Publisher abstract)
Assessment and diagnosis of psychiatric disorder in adults with autism spectrum disorder
- Authors:
- UNDERWOOD Lisa, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.222-229.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) present with a range of psychiatric disorders. However, making an accurate diagnosis is challenging. It is important to follow a robust and informed process in the assessment of psychopathology that is centred on the individual and their neurodevelopmental difficulties. The purpose of this paper is to provide clinicians with an evidence-based approach to the assessment process for adults with ASD presenting with a possible co-occurrent psychiatric disorder. Design/methodology/approach: A review of the recent literature was undertaken focusing on key papers that describe the assessment of mental health problems in adults with ASD. Findings: The presentation of psychiatric symptoms is influenced by the underlying developmental disorder and it is often quite different from the one of the general population. Thus, it is essential to undertake a comprehensive psychopathological assessment including a diagnostic assessment of ASD. There is a very small evidence base on the use of diagnostic tools in the assessment of adults with ASD. Originality/value: This is a practice review paper applying recent evidence from the literature. (Publisher abstract)
The diagnostic boundary between autism spectrum disorder, intellectual developmental disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders
- Authors:
- BERTELLI Marco O., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 9(5), 2015, pp.243-264.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: During the last few years the prevalence of autism and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has increased greatly. A recurring issue is the overlap and boundaries between Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), ASD and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD). In clinical practice with people with IDD, the alternative or adjunctive diagnosis of ASD or SSD is particularly challenging. The purpose of this paper is to define the boundaries and overlapping clinical characteristics of IDD, ASD and SSD; highlight the most relevant differences in clinical presentation; and provide a clinical framework within which to recognize the impact of IDD and ASD in the diagnosis of SSD. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic mapping of the international literature was conducted on the basis of the following questions: first, what are considered to be core and overlapping aspects of IDD, ASD and SSD; second, what are the main issues in clinical practice; and third, can key diagnostic flags be identified to assist in differentiating between the three diagnostic categories? Findings: Crucial clinical aspects for the differentiation resulted to be age of onset, interest towards others, main positive symptoms, and anatomical anomalies of the central nervous system. More robust diagnostic criteria and semeiological references are desirable. Originality/value: The present literature mapping provides a comprehensive description of the most relevant differences in the clinical presentation of ASD and SSD in persons with IDD. (Publisher abstract)
Assessing risks arising from challenging behaviours: a model and a brief review of existing resources
- Author:
- TURTON Raistrick W.
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Intellectual Disabilities, 8(1), 2014, pp.32-42.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Purpose: Challenging behaviours are defined in part by the risks of harm they present and the support of individuals who challenge would be improved with effective assessments of the risks posed by challenging behaviours. The purpose of this paper is to outline a model of risk assessment and review literature that provides relevant information. Design/methodology/approach: Literature review. Findings: Forensic risk assessment has a well worked-out and validated approach but tools used to assess challenging behaviours are not effective risk predictors. Applied Behaviour Assessment provides methods that can be more effectively used for risk assessment. Practical implications: There is a need to develop valid risk assessment procedures for assessing the risks presented by challenging behaviours. Originality/value: This is a fresh perspective on risk assessment in relation to challenging behaviours. (Publisher abstract)
Assessment of behavioral and psychiatric problems in people with Prader–Willi syndrome: a review of the literature
- Author:
- SPENDELOW Jason S.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 8(2), June 2011, pp.104-112.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Prader–Willi syndrome (PSW) is a rare genetic disorder that has a prevalence of 1 in 50,000 to 70,000 people and equal gender distribution. The clinical presentation of people with PWS involves a wide range of behavioural, psychiatric, neurocognitive, and medical problems. The aim of this review is to help clinicians make a comprehensive assessment of mental health problems with this population. People with PWS are particularly susceptible to the development of problems in the areas of hyperphagia, compulsions and repetitive behaviour, self-injury (especially skin-picking), and aggressive behaviours. The most common psychiatric features in people with PWS are psychosis, affective disorders, and obsessive–compulsive disorders. Assessment should involve consideration of how behavioural and psychiatric problems can be influenced by neurocognitive functioning and medical issues. The heterogeneous and progressive nature of many behavioural and psychiatric problems in this population presents significant challenges to psychological assessment and management. Comprehensive assessment requires an understanding of the phenotype of Prader–Willi syndrome, and associated issues that can impact upon clinical presentation.
Psychological and emotional health and well-being of people with intellectual disabilities
- Author:
- DAGAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Tizard Learning Disability Review, 13(1), April 2008, pp.3-9.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
This article considers briefly the literature on mental ill-health in people with learning disabilities, with particular emphasis on the development of individual treatment approaches in the areas of behavioural, cognitive behavioural and psychodynamic interventions. It is highlighted that much of the research and theory focuses on deficits and disadvantage. The author goes on to suggest that that a clinical and research focus that explores strengths and resilience will offer a more positive agenda for developing understanding of emotional well-being and mental ill-health in people with intellectual disabilities.
Psychosocial intervention for people with learning disabilities
- Author:
- DAGNAN Dave
- Journal article citation:
- Advances in Mental Health and Learning Disabilities, 1(2), June 2007, pp.3-7.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
Psychosocial interventions are a core part of the service structures of mainstream mental health services. Research and clinical services for people with learning disabilities have often adopted a broadly psychosocial perspective. This article describes the structure of psychosocial intervention and then considers the evidence base that is available to develop this approach for people with learning disabilities and mental health problems.