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Serious juvenile offenders with and without intellectual disabilities
- Authors:
- KAAL H. L., BRAND E. F. J. M., VAN NIEUWENHUIJZEN M.
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Learning Disabilities and Offending Behaviour, 3(2), 2012, pp.66-76.
- Publisher:
- Emerald
The mandatory treatment order, also called an order for Placement in an Institution for Juvenile Offenders, is the severest measure a Dutch judge is able to impose on youths. Amongst the group of juveniles under a mandatory treatment order, there is a significant number with an intellectual disability. The purpose of this study is to determine what differences there are in personal characteristics and functioning between juvenile offenders under a mandatory treatment order with IQ<70, IQ 70-85, and IQ>85, in order to be able to better fit supervision and treatment to their needs. Data was drawn from the case files of 1,363 serious juvenile offenders under a mandatory treatment order. The files were scored using the juvenile forensic profile list (FPJ), an instrument that encompasses over 70 characteristics relevant in risk-assessment and for measuring problem behaviour. The analyses showed that the behavioural and mental health problems and background characteristics of juvenile offenders of various IQ-levels (IQ<70, IQ 70-85, and IQ>85) are in many respects very similar. However, differences were found in, for example, social skills and relationships. In addition, the needs inherent with having an intellectual disability have important implications for the way treatment is offered.
Emotional and behavioural problems in adolescents with intellectual disability with and without chronic diseases
- Authors:
- OESEBURG B., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 54(1), January 2010, pp.81-89.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Adolescents with intellectual disability (ID-adolescents) and those with chronic diseases are both more likely to have emotional and behavioural problems. This study assessed the prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in ID- adolescents with and without chronic diseases and the impact of chronic diseases in ID-adolescents on the likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems. The study involved a secondary school sample of 1044 ID-adolescents (12-18 years) in the Netherlands. Parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, questions about chronic diseases and about the background of their child. Prevalence rates of emotional and behavioural problems were generally high in ID-adolescents with chronic diseases (45%), compared to ID-adolescents without chronic diseases (17%). The likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems was high in ID-adolescents with two [odds ratios (OR) 4.47] or more than two chronic diseases (OR 8.01) and for ID-adolescents with mental chronic diseases (OR 4.56). ID-adolescents with somatic chronic diseases had a high likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems (OR 1.99), in particular in the combination of somatic and mental diseases (OR 5.16). The authors conclude that chronic diseases in ID-adolescents, in particular mental diseases, tend to increase the likelihood of emotional and behavioural problems. They suggest this should be taken into account in the provision and planning of care for ID-adolescents.
Moving on and keeping happy: your guide to transition and good mental health
- Authors:
- LE MESURIER Nick, BATHIA Niyati, DEB Shoumitro
- Publisher:
- University of Birmingham
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 23p.
- Place of publication:
- Birmingham
Practical booklet for people with learning difficulties/disabilities with mental health problems and behaviour problems/challenging behaviour that have a Statement of Special Educational Need (SSEN).For these people there exists a prescribed programme of planning for transition from year 9 (age 14), the SEN Code of Practice (DfES 2001).
Experiences of service users with a mild intellectual disability or borderline intellectual functioning with Flexible Assertive Community Treatment: a qualitative study
- Authors:
- NEIJMEIJER Laura, et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 33(5), 2020, pp.1005-1015.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Background: In the Netherlands, Flexible Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) teams have been established for people with mild intellectual disability (MID) or borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) and mental health problems or challenging behaviour. Little is known yet about service users’ experiences with FACT. Method: An inductive grounded theory approach was used to explore how service users valued the treatment and their own functioning, and which factors were perceived as supportive. Semi‐structured interviews were held with 15 service users. Results: Most service users highly appreciated the contact with the staff and the practical and emotional support. Persistent involvement, availability and humanity, and respect for autonomy were distinguished as core values in the relationship with the staff. Most service users experienced improvement in time and attributed this to intrapersonal changes and/or less stress in life. Conclusions: From the perspective of service users with MID/BIF, FACT appears to have an added value. (Edited publisher abstract)
The importance of being earnest: our experience of involving service users with complex needs in staff recruitment
- Authors:
- HURTADO Barbara, TIMMINS Steven, SEWARD Cheryl
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 42(1), 2014, pp.36-42.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
This article describes our experience of involving people with learning disabilities and additional needs, such as behaviour that can be challenging or mental health conditions, in the recruitment of staff. A significant amount of support, as well as additional time and adaptations to the interviewing and scrutinising processes were necessary in order to ensure that service users could contribute meaningfully. However, the process was not only really valuable for users and staff alike but also, in our view, efficient in choosing a robust applicant. (Edited publisher abstract)
Inter-rater reliability of the Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults in community accommodation settings
- Authors:
- MOHR C., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 55(7), July 2011, pp.710-713.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
The Developmental Behaviour Checklist for Adults (DBC-A) is a carer-completed 107-item questionnaire that assesses a comprehensive range of emotional, behavioural and mental health problems in adults with mild, moderate and more severe levels of intellectual disability (ID). Earlier studies have reported acceptable results of test-retest reliability studies with family members and paid carers in community settings. The aim of this study was to report on another aspect of DBC-A reliability, namely inter-rater reliability with paid carers in community-based accommodation settings. The participants were 38 pairs of paid carers employed by 2 non-government agencies providing residential services in small group homes to 38 adults with ID in the community. The carers completed the DBC-A describing residents they knew well. Each pair of raters knew the adults with ID in the same context, and completed the DBC-A independently within the same week. The findings demonstrated an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.69 between the pairs of raters. This compares favourably with the results of an earlier inter-rater study completed with the family members of people with ID living in the community. Inter-rater reliability on the 6 DBC-A sub-scales was also computed and the results were satisfactory.
Psychological treatments in intellectual disability: the challenges of building a good evidence base
- Authors:
- BHAUMIK Sabyasachi, et al
- Journal article citation:
- British Journal of Psychiatry, 198(6), June 2011, pp.428-430.
- Publisher:
- Cambridge University Press
While psychological treatments are common interventions in the treatment of people with learning disabilities, the evidence base for their clinical efficacy, and cost-effectiveness, is limited. This editorial describes the strengths and limitations of the evidence base for a range of psychological treatments available. It focuses on behavioural interventions, cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapies. The editorial also highlights current problems in conducting randomised controlled trials in this area and suggests a way forward. The author concludes that developing a research-based evidence base is critical to the establishment of new services and interventions, and is necessary in supporting the value of existing services.
Identification of personal factors that determine work outcome for adults with intellectual disability
- Authors:
- MARTORELL A., et al
- Journal article citation:
- Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52(12), December 2008, pp.1091-1101.
- Publisher:
- Wiley
Access to employment for people with intellectual disability (ID) has become a social priority. The aim of the present study is to try to determine which variables [sociodemographic variables, intelligence quotient (IQ), presence or absence of a psychiatric disorder, functioning, self-determination, and behavioural problems] could most reliably account for access to remunerated employment of people with ID. Two groups of people with ID participated in this study: (1) 69 workers in a sheltered-employment programme; and (2) 110 clients of programmes in sheltered workshops. Both programmes were run by the Pardo-Valcarce Foundation in Madrid (Spain). The following variables were assessed for every participant: IQ, functioning, behavioural problems, self-determination and presence of psychiatric symptoms. A binary logistic regression analysis was carried out in order to identify the variables that best explained work outcome (sheltered workshop programme vs. sheltered employment programme). Although IQ showed no significant differences between the two groups of participants, the remaining variables did: behavioural problems, functioning, psychiatric symptoms and self-determination significantly explained work outcome. As for sociodemographic variables, whereas gender did not show any significant relationship with the labour status of the participants, significant differences were found when considering variables such as age and pension benefits. All the main variables considered, except IQ, turned out to be significant. The apparently show that both personal and social efforts can help individuals to overcome their low intellectual functioning in order to achieve access to employment. Such study highlights the importance of a prior psychopathological evaluation and efforts to enhance self-determination in order to improve work inclusion for people with ID.
Young people with learning disabilities living in state care: their emotional, behavioural and mental health status
- Authors:
- TAGGART Laurence, COUSINS Wendy, MILNER Sharon
- Journal article citation:
- Child Care in Practice, 13(4), October 2007, pp.401-406.
- Publisher:
- Taylor and Francis
Young people with learning disabilities are significantly more at risk of developing mental health difficulties than their non-disabled peers, with prevalence rates of around 40% commonly reported. Nevertheless, high levels of mental health problems also exist among young people living in state care. However, few studies have examined the mental health of these young people with learning disabilities who also live away from home in state care. This paper examines the emotional, behavioural and mental health status of a group of young people with and without learning disabilities residing in state care. Data were collected from social worker reports and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire on these two cohorts who were living in state care for a minimum of one year. The young people with learning disabilities had a higher prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems and were also significantly more likely to score within the abnormal range of the Total Difficulties Score of the SDQ (77.1%) compared with their non-disabled peers (49.6%). There is a need for greater recognition of young people with learning disabilities who live in state care in order to identify emotional, behavioural and mental health needs and to develop more appropriate and effective care plans/therapeutic interventions.
Guidelines for services for young people (14-25 years) with learning difficulties / disabilities and mental health problems / challenging behaviours: quick reference guide (QRG)
- Authors:
- DEB Shoumitro, LE MESURIER Nick, BATHIA Niyati
- Publisher:
- University of Birmingham
- Publication year:
- 2006
- Pagination:
- 28p.
- Place of publication:
- Birmingham
These Guidelines concern people with learning difficulties/disabilities with mental health problems and behaviour problems/challenging behaviour that have a Statement of Special Educational Need (SSEN), for each of whom there exists a prescribed programme of planning for transition from year 9 (age 14), the SEN Code of Practice (DfES 2001). It is expected that schools and the local education authorities to be aware of this population.